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Occupation and Power Theorists - Coggle Diagram
Occupation and Power Theorists
Waering
Types of Power
Political
Given by law.
Police.
Personal
Status of the job.
Teachers.
Social
Class, age, gender, race.
Women.
Sinclair & Coultard
Types of Teacher Talk
Informative
Factual Information.
Directive
"I want you to..."
Ellicitation
Questioning.
IRF Model
Three part exchanges in classrooms.
Initation.
Response.
Feedback.
Swales
Web of Discourse
Within the workplace, employees are part of a group who share a common purpose.
French & Raven
Types of Power
Expert
Having superior knowledge.
Referent
Based on rapport with people.
Legitimate
Genuine power.
Coercive
The ability to force/coerce someone into doing something.
Reward
Offering a reward for doing something.
Drew & Heritage
Inferential Frameworks
Categorised occupational discourse.
Members of a discourse community have shared knowledge (inferential frameworks) that's built up over time.
Teachers and students just know that discourse in the classroom follows the IRF pattern to make communication happen swiftly.
They also believe that in workplace conversations, there is always somebody with more power.
Kim & Elder
Studied Korean pilots.
They looked at communication difficulties when communicating with American colleagues.
Poor language skills were not the issue but, instead, native speakers did not use the agreed phrases which made it hard to converse with one another.
They abbreviated unhelpfully, elaborated uncessarily and used idiomatic phrases.
'Take a rain check' & 'I was gutted'.
Plain English Campaign
Launched in 1979.
They have been "campaigning against gobbledygook, jargon and misleading public information."
They have 'approved' over 23,000 documents.
'Ameliorate' - 'improve, help'.
'Diminish - 'lessen, reduce'.
Norman Fairclough
Asymmetrical Power
Every conversation is like a power struggle.
Brown and Levinson
Face Theory
Showing consideration for people's feelings and respecting two basic needs.
Positive - the need to be liked and admired.
Negative - the need to not be imposed on.
Being indirect.
Face Threatening Act - direct threat to a peron's negative face needs.
Spolsky
Jargon helps you to become indoctrinated into the group.
You can negatively stand out if you don't know the jargon.
Herrgard
In time-constrained situations, efficiency is key and jargon works well.
In kitchens, especially.
Crystal
Jargon leads to efficency and optimal communication.
Koester
Categories of Workplace Discourse
Interactional.
Transactional.
Blank
We change our language in an attempt to fit in with the social situation and to exert influence.
Nelson
Semantic Field of Business.
Business people.
Companies.
Institutions.
Money.
Business events.
Time.
Technology.