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Ch.10: Molecular Biology of the Gene, Ch. 4: A Tour of the Cell, Ch.12 DNA…
Ch.10: Molecular Biology of the Gene
The Structure of Genetic Material
Bacteriophage
Phage
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Double Helix
Nucleotides
Adenine (A)
Uracil (U)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Polynucleotide
Gene
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
DNA Replication
Semiconservative Model
DNA Polymerase
DNA Ligase
The Flow of Genetic Information from DNA to RNA to Protein
Transcription
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Translation
Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
RNA Polymerase
Promoter
Terminator
Exons
RNA Splicing
Introns
Triplet Code
Codon
Genetic Code
Anticodon
Start Codon
P Site
A Site
Stop Codon
Mutations
Nonsense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Missense Mutation
Mutagen
Silent Mutation
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Emerging Viruses
AIDS
HIV
Retrovirus
Reverse Transcriptase
Virus
Capsid
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
Prophage
Prion
Bacteria
Transduction
Conjugation
F Factor
Transformation
Plasmid
R Plasmid
Vector
Ch. 4: A Tour of the Cell
Introduction to the Cell
Microscopes
Electron Microscope (EM)
Light Microscope (LM)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Cell Theory
Organelles
Plants
Cell Wall
Plasmodesmata
Animals
Eukaryotic Cells
Cellular Metabolism
Prokaryotic Cells
Junctions
Gap Junctions
Tight Junctions
Anchoring Junctions/Desmosomes
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
Cytosol
Nucleoid
Flagella
The Nucleus & Ribosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chrmatin
Nuclear Envelope
The Endomembrane System
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Glycoproteins
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Integrins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuoles
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicles
Transport Vesicles
Cytoskeleton
Micofilaments
Intermediate Filaments
Motor Protein
Micotubules
Cilia
Centrosome
Energy Converting Organelles
Endosymbiont Theory
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial Matrix
Chloroplasts
Granum
Thylakoids
Stroma
Ch.12 DNA Technology & Genomics
Gene Cloning and Editing
Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA
Plasmids
DNA Ligase
DNA Cloning
Clone
Gene Cloning
DNA Technology
Restriction Enzymes
Restriction site
Restriction Fragments
Nucleic Acid Probe
Reverse Transcriptase
Complementary DNA (cDNA)
Genetically Modified Organisms
Vaccine
Transgenic Organism
Gene Therapy
DNA Profiling
Forensics
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Primers
Gel Electrophoresis
Repetitive DNA
Short Tandem Repeat (STR)
STR Analysis
Genomics and Bioinformatics
Genomics
Human Genome Project (HGP)
Whole-Genome Shotgun Method
Proteomics
Bioinformatics
Ch.9: Patterns of Inheritance
Mendel's Laws
True-Breeding
P-Generation
F1 Generation
F2 Generation
Hybrids
Cross
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
Heredity
Law of Independent Assortment
Character
Trait
Pedigree
Phenotyppe
Genetics
Technologies
Amniocentesis
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
Ultrasound Imaging
Punnett Square
Rule of Addition
Rule of Multiplication
Alleles
Law of Segregation
Homozygous
Dominant Allele
Huntington's Disease
Heterozygous
Recessive Allele
Carriers
Locus
Genotype
Testcross
Variations on Mendel's Laws
Pleiotropy
Sickle-Cell Disease
Complete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
ABO Blood Group
Codominant
Polygenic Inheritance
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Wild-Type
Recombination Frequency
Genetic Map
Linkage Map
Mutant
Autosome
Linked Genes
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Genes
Sex Chromosomes
X-Linked Genes
Sex-Linked Gene
Ch.8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Anchorage Dependence
Density-Dependent Inhibition
Growth Factors
Cell Cycle Control System
Cancer
Metastasis
Tumor
Benign Tumor
Malignant tumor
Cell Cycle
Interphase
Centrosome
Mitotic Spindle
Chromatin
Mitotic Phase (M Phase)
Mitosis
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
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Cell Division and Reproduction
Cell Division
Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission
Clone
Chromosomes
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
Homologous Chromosomes
Locus
Sexual Reproduction
Alterations of Chromosome Number and Structure
Nondisjunction
Karyotype
Trisomy 21
Down Syndrome
Duplication
Inversion
Deletion
Translocation
Meiosis and Crossing Over
Crossing Over
Recombinant Chromosomes
Chiasma
Life Cycle
Haploid
Autosomes
Meiosis
Diploid
Fertilization
Zygote
Sex Chromosomes
Gametes
Ch.7: Photosynthesis - Using Light to Make Food
Calvin Cycle
Photorespiration
Carbon Fixation
C4 Plants
CAM Plants
C3 Plants
Photosynthesis
Autotroph
Photoautotroph
Heterotroph
Light Reactions
Thylakoid
Photorespiration
NADP+
Chlorophyll
Mesophyll
Stoma
Stroma
The Light Reactions
Photosystems
Wavelength
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Photon
The Global Significance of Photosynthesis
Climate Change
Greenhouse Effect
Ch.2: The Chemical Basis of Life
Chemical Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
Polar Covalent Bonds
Electronegativitiy
Chemical Reaction
Solution
Aqueous Solution
Solvent
Solute
pH Scale
Ocean Acidification
Base
Buffer
Acid
Reactant
Product
Elements, Atoms, and Compounds
Matter
Molecule
Compounds
Salt
Elements
Atoms
Ions
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Isotope
Radioactive Isotope
Trace Element
Nucleus
Electron Shell
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
Water's Life-Supporting Properties
Cohesion
Adhesion
Surface Tension
Versatile Solvent
Ice Floats
Moderates Temperature
Thermal Energy
Heat
Evaporative Cooling
Ch.3: The Molecules of Cells
Introduction to Organic Compounds
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Polysaccharides
Glycogen
Cellulose
Starch
Chitin
Lipids
Fats
Saturated Fatty Acid
Transfat
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Steroids
Cholesterol
Anabolic Steroid
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Proteins
Peptide Bond
Denaturation
Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Primary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Amino Acid
Polypeptide
Enzyme
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Double Helix
Functions
Gene
Gene Expression
Functional Group
Carboxyl Group
Amino Group
Carbonyl Group
Phosphate Group
Hydroxyl Group
Methyl Group
Carbon
Hydrocarbons
Isomers
Monomers
Polymers
Reactions
Dehydration Reaction
Hydrolysis
Ch.11 How Genes Are Controlled
Control of Gene Expression
Operon
Operator
Repressor
Promoter
Activators
Gene Expression
Epigenetic Inheritance
Differentiation
Nucleosome
X Chromosome Inactivation
Barr Body
Gene Regulation
Transcription Factors
Alternative RNA Splicing
MicroRNA (miRNA)
Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)
Homeotic Gene
DNA Microarray
Signal Transduction Pathway
Cloning of Plants and Animals
Totipotent
Regeneration
Clone
Therapeutic Cloning
Reproductive Cloning
Nuclear Transplantation
Embryonic Stem Cell (ES Cell)
Adult Stem Cells
The Genetic Basis of Cancer
Oncogene
Proto-Oncogene
Carcinogens
Tumor-Suppressor Genes
Ch.5: The Working Cell
Membrane Structure and Function
Concentration Gradient
Fluid Mosaic Model
Selectively Permeable
Diffusion
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Osmosis
Aquaporin
Facilitated Diffusion
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Osmoregulation
Tonicity
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
How Enzymes Function
Activation Energy
Enzymes
Induced Fit
Cofactors
Active Site
Coenzymes
substrate
Noncompetitive Inhibitor
Feedback Inhibition
Competitive Inhibitor
Energy and the Cell
ATP
Cellular Respiration
Phosphorylation
Entropy
Energy
Kinetic Energy
Thermal Energy
Heat
Potential Energy
Chemical Energy
Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Chemical Reactions
Exergonic Reaction
Endergonic Reaction
Energy Coupling
Metabolism
Metabolic Pathway
Ch.6: How Cell Harvest Chemical Energy
Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvesting of Energy
Kilocalories
Redox Reaction
Reduction
Oxidation
FAD
NAD+
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Stages of Cellular Respiration
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
ATP Synthase
Glycolysis
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Pyruvate Oxidation
Acetyl CoA
Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis
Intermediates
Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvesting of Energy
Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Ch.1 Biology: Exploring Life
Biology: The Scientific Study of Life
3 Domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
7 Properties of Life
Energy Processing
Regulation
Growth & Development
Response to Environment
Reproduction
Evolutionary Adaptation
Order
Emergent Properties
Organ & Organ Systems
Tissue
Organism
Cell
Population
Organelle
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Molecules & Atoms
The Process of Science
Biology, Technology, and Society
Scientific Method
Theory
Hypthesis
Testing
Data
Controlled Experiment
Independent variable
Dependent Variable
Question
Conclusion
Observation
Publishing
5 Unifying Themes in Biology
Life depends on interactions within & between systems
Life depends on the flow of information
Gene Expression
Gene
Structure & Function
Evolution
Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Life depends on the transfer & transformation
of energy & matter