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DEVOLUTION IN SCOTLAND - Coggle Diagram
DEVOLUTION IN SCOTLAND
OVERVIEW
Scottish independence was rejected in a 2014 referendum by 55-45%. However, the outcome was so close that all major UK parties promised to increase devolved powers.
The Scottish National Party won 56 out of the 59 seats in Scotland in the 2015 general election, putting further pressure on UK parties.
Nationalist sentiment continued to grow and the Scottish National Party made gradual progress in winning seats in the Scottish Parliament, securing an overall majority in 2011.
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A referendum in 1997 approved devolution in Scotland, with a majority of 74-26%.
The SNP have continued to press for a fresh independence referendum as in 2016 the majority of Scots voted to remain in the EU. They are also pressing for the devolution of more powers.
SCOTLAND ACT 1998
Primary Legislative Powers - this implies that it can make laws without reference to Westminster on the following issues: health, education, law and home affairs, and social work.
Powers kept by Westminster: foreign, defence and EU policy. All aspects of taxation (apart from 3p) i.e. VAT, national insurance. Interest rates and the £. Social security, all forms of benefits, state pensions etc.
Created the Scottish Parliament, which had two main powers: primary legislative powers, and power to vary the basic rate of income tax by up to 3p in the £ compared to the rate set by the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
SCOTLAND ACT 2012
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The power to introduce new taxes, subject to the agreement of the UK govt.
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Powers relating to the misuse of drugs, the drink-drive limit, the national speed limit and the administration of elections to the Scottish Parliament.
SCOTLAND ACT 2016
Legislative control over areas such as road signs, speed limits, onshore oil and gas extraction, rail franchising and consumer advocacy.
Management of the Crown Estate, the British Transport Police and Ofcom in Scotland.
The ability to amend sections of the Scotland Act 1998 which relate to the operation of the Scottish Parl and Govt within the UK including control of its electoral system (subject to a two-thirds majority within the parl for any proposed change).
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Control over certain aspects of several welfare and housing related benefits and Disability Living Allowance, Personal Independence Payment, Attendance Allowance and Carer's allowance.
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Recognised the Scottish Parl and Scottish Govt as permanent among UK's constitutional arrangements, with a referendum required before either can be abolished.
Conservatives added these powers following the 2014 independence referendum in an attempt to see off demands for independence - hasn't worked.
RESERVED POWERS
Foreign policy - treaties, declaring war and peace etc.
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