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Biomolecules, Valeria Valdivia & Chiara Conroy, image, image, image,…
Biomolecules
The elements of life
C
Carbon
H
Hydrogen
O
Oxygen
N
Nitrogen
A living organism is composed by...
Inorganic Molecules
Can be found in non-living things
Might not contain carbon
Examples
Water
Gases
Minerals
Organic Molecules
Nucleid Acids
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymers: DNA and RNA
Carbohydrates
composed of monomers called monosaccharides
monosaccharides: are the building blocks of disaccharides and polysaccharides
form ring structures and can exist in different 3D configurations (stereoisomers)
Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Organic compounds consisting of one or more simple sugars
Monomers follow the general basic formula of (CH2O)x
Monomers are commonly ring shaped molecules
Monomer: glucose
Polymer: cellulose
Proteins
Are composed of monomers called amino acids join together to form polypeptide chains and arranged into one or more linear chains.
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Monomer: Glycine
Polymer: gelatin
Lipids
several types of lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes) contain fatty acid chains
Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons that may or may not contain double bonds
Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar organic solvents
vary in structure and hence do not contain a common recurring monomer
Monomer: oils, waxes
Polymer: triglycerides
Anabolism
Those who build molecules
by condensation
Maltose synthase condenses two molecules of glucose into maltose forming a glycosidic bond
A ribosome condenses two amino acids into a dipeptide forming a peptide bond
What are they?
They are a chemical compound that is produced by a living organisms
Valeria Valdivia & Chiara Conroy
Catabolysm
those with breaks down molecules.
by hydrolysis
Lactase hydrolyses Lactose into Glucose and Galactose breaking the glycosidic bond
A protease hydrolyses a dipeptide into two amino acids breaking the peptide bond
