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Oral manifestations in chronic degenerative diseases, Chronic inflammation…

- - - - Condition that causes swelling of mucous with small, shiny, reddish bumps, these may be punctuated by white streaks. Mediated by T- cells, inflammatory cells attack within the skin and mucosal keratinocytes.
    - - Progressive disease characterized by abnormal collagen deposition as a result of inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissue. Severe burning sensation ofter spicy food ingestion.
    - - Abnormal red lesion of the oral mucosa that presents with a velvety texture, lesions can either be flat or raised, if scraped bleeds easily.
    - - Thick, white patches on the inside surface of the mouth caused by repeated injury or irritation. Usually painless.
- - - - type 1: beta cell destruction or presence of islet cell or insulin antibodies that identify the autoimmune process that leads to beta cell destruction
      - Type 2: Insulin resistence
      - Gestational: Abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
    - - Xerostomia: Dry mouth because of high blood sugar on people with diabetes. Some might experience bad breath, chapped lips, loose teeth...
        
        Poor Wound Healing: Because the process of wound healing goes slower, the infections on the mouth take longer to heal or the risk of getting one goes up.
        
        Increased caries: Starches and sugars in food and beverages interact with bacteria, forming a sticky film "plaque" on the teeth that attack de enamel and dentin, leading to cavities.
        
        Gingivitis and periodontal disease: a.k.a gum disease. It is the most common oral health problem among people with diabetes, and the first stage is that the gums turn red, they bleed and feel sore because of the bacterias that gather with saliva and leftover food. If it is not treated then it turns into periodontitis with erodes the bone and tissues that support the teeth (it can not be reversed)
        
        Periapical abscesses: Pocket of pus that can occut on the tip of the root or on the side of a tooth root. It forms as a consequence of bacterial infection.
        
        Burning mouth symptons: Burning pain on the mouth, it can be on the tip of the tongue or on the roof of the mouth, it can be in front of the mouth or inner on the lips.
        
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      - Bacterial, viral and fungal infections "candidiasis". Some patients with diabetes present xerostomia and that increase the colonization of Candida species
    - - A1C: >6.5%
      - FPG: >126mg/dl
      - OGTT: >200 mg/dl
- - - - Alcohol and tobacco
        
        Age
        
        UV rays exposition
        
        HPV
    - - Physical examination
        
        Endoscopy
        
        Biopsy
    - - Basal cell carcinoma: Slightly raised raised lesion with rolled waxy border and central ulceration on sun exposed surface.
        
        Squamous cell: Nonhealing white, red-white carcinoma lesion; ulcer; or fumigating mass of the lateral tongue, floor of the mouth and lip.
        
        Kaposicarcoma: Purple plaques or nodules of the palate, gingiva, or face.
        
        Melanoma: Brown or black enlarging plaque on skin or palate.
        
        Mucoepidermoid: Dome-shaped swelling with carcinoma central ulceration of palate, retromolar region, or lytic osseous lesion.
        
        Leukemia: Gingival enlargement, and bleeding, skin pallor, small hemorrhages of the skin and mucous membranes, and brusing.
        
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