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IBDP: Chemistry: Atomic Structure - Coggle Diagram
IBDP: Chemistry: Atomic Structure
Rutherford's exp showed: Atoms are mostly empty spaced and they have a nucleus.
Alpha particles are fired at gold foil: they are- Deflected, go straight through or bounce back
Mass spectrometer
A - Sample is gas state
B - Ionisation by electron bombardment to convert to positive ion even to non metals
c - Positive ions accelerated by electric fields (+ charge)
d - ions deflected by magnetic field (lesser the mass more deflection)
e - detector records ions of a particular mass and displays as mass spectrogram
F - Vacuum prevents air molecules colliding with others
a charge (+1) is created by electron bombardment and has no effect on mass but when 2 or more is removed mass is affected
MASS/CHARGE
mass/+1
mass/+2
mass spectra
1) the peaks give the atomic mass
2) Peak intensity(length) gives relative abundance
3) Total abundance thus the sum of other abundance equals to 100
Subatomic particles: Proton, neutron and electron
proton: +1
Relative mass: 1
Neutron: 0
RELATIVE MASS: 1
Electron: -1
relative mass: 1/1836
Definitions
Isotopes: Same proton number but different neutron number
Relative atomic mass: is the mass of an atom relative to 1/12th of the Carbon - 12 atom
relative atomic mass calc: (abundance(%)-1
mass-1 + bundance(%)=2
mass=2)/100
mass number: proton + neutron mass
atomic no. number of protons
Electronic Structure
Energy shells (n) --> Subshells(I) Orbital (m)
S,P,D,F ( subshells)
One electron fills each orbital first before making a pair in each orbital
S = 2 electrons
P = 6 electrons
D = 10 electrons
F = 14 electrons
IMP POINTS
Stable atoms: when shell is half filled except hydrogen
ISOELCTRNOIC: atoms or ions with the same electronic configuration or structure
Transition elements lose electrons from S shell first then add them into D shell
when 4S is half and 3D is half it is a neutral atom
Cu2+ and Cr3+ are exceptions
