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Global Rights 2: Sexual Identity and Gender Injustice - Same-sex…
Global Rights 2: Sexual Identity and Gender Injustice - Same-sex Relationships 2
Human Rights Issues- Parenthood and Marriage
UDHR Article 16
""men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal right as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution"
Netherlands first country in world to legalise same-sex marriage in 2001
UDHR Article 2
"everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth therein without distinction of any kind such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinions..."
same-sex relations remain illegal in much of South and Central Asia e.g. Bangladesh and Pakistan
Same-sex relations are punishable by death in Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Algeria, Morocco etc...
Same-sex Marriage in the UK and Ireland
UK
law passed on 17 July 2013 & first marriage of same sex couple took place on Saturday 29 March 2014
same-sex couples allowed to marry under the Marriage (Same-Sex Couples) Act 2013
also protects and promotes religious freedom
believes that opening up marriage to all couples demonstrates society's respect for all individuals, regardless of their sexuality, making our society fairer and more inclusive for all its members
Republic of Ireland
same-sex couples allowed to marry under the Marriage Act 2015
approved at referendum on 22 May 2015 by 62% of voters on a turnout of 61%
Northern Ireland
same-sex couples been able to adopt since 2013
opinion polls showed a big majority favoured same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland, but the DUP blocked change at Stormont assembly
same-sex marriage legalised in 2020
was culmination of a campaign to align Northern Ireland with the rest of UK in the face of opposition from the Democratic Unionist party and other social conservatives
Secular Views on same-sex relationships
Kant
homosexual sex does not lead to reproduction and therefore if everyone was homosexual it could result in the extinction of the human race
homosexuality is immoral= crime of the flesh
something can only be morally acceptable if it is acceptable for everyone to do it
JS Mill
"The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community against his own will, is to prevent harm to others"
homosexuality did not pose any threat or harm to society
according to 'Harm Principle', we have autonomy to make choices that promote our own personal happiness as long as we do not harm anyone else
Singer
individual autonomy= paramount
"if a form of sexual activity brings satisfaction to those who take part in it, and harms no-one what can be immoral about it"
Humanism
equal rights for all people and combat any prejudice or discrimination faced by LGBT community
making world better place for humans to live
"happiness is the only goal"
The Law
after WW2- arrests and prosecution for homosexuals increased
e.g. Alan Turing
helped break the german enigma code during ww2, but was later victimised for his homosexuality
charged with 'gross indecency'- forced to choose between prison or hormone treatment
chose treatment which effectively castrated him by causing impotence
lost his job
death in June 1954 treated as suicide
male homosexuality illegal in England since Buggery Act 1533
law stricter following 1885 Criminal Law Amendment Act- made all homosexual acts illegal
famous prosecution of Oscar Wilde 1895
Sir John Wolfenden
set up Departmental Committee, to consider both homosexual offences and prosecutions
'homosexual behaviour between consenting adults in private be no longer a criminal offence'
Key Terms
Same-sex marriage- marriage between couple of same sex
Abstinence- refraining from sex
Bisexual- attracted to both
Homosexual- same-sex attracted
Heterosexual- opposite sex attracted
Chastity- keeping sexually pure