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Aims and results of Mao's policies - Coggle Diagram
Aims and results of Mao's policies
economic policies
1st Five-Year-Plan; 1952-1957
A: -industrialize on a larger scale (similar to the Soviet Union) -increased yield of coal, steel and pyrochemicals -development of the transport industry -becoming a command economy
R: -increased migration from the countryside into towns -improved urban areas (railroads and bridges built) -industrial targets were reached, some of them way over the set goal -immense pressure on the workers
2nd Five-Year-Plan (The Great Leap Forward); 1958-1962
A: China - a modern industrial power in a short amount of time
-be in the lead of the industrial output
-become non-reliant on USSR
(-increase China’s food supplies for export)
-increase the steel production
R: -expansion of Beijing -unsatisfactory results in steel production due to the lack of knowledge of the process -private firms could no longer exist -workers were provided with accommodation and med. health benefits
collectivization
A: -revolutionize China’s food production -increasing the industrial workforce -control of the farming methods, sale, distribution & setting of prices
R: -The Great Famine -land distribution, no private ownership
social policies
religion
Aims: To replace religion with Maoism (religion seen as one of the four olds, capitalist concept). Stop seperatism in Tibet and Xinjiang.
Results: Christianity, Bhuddism and ancestral worship strongly frowned upon, but some churches loyal to the CPP were allowed to remain open. Traditional festivals replaced with agitprop. Invasion and repression in Xinjiang and Tibet, as well as the introduction of Han Chinese to dilute populations.
women and family
Aims: Increase women's rights as Mao claimed to be a firm believer in women's rights. Break up the traditional family, as it was one of the four olds.
Results: Mariage Reform Law was supposed to end prostitution, arranged mariages/ dowries, allow divorce.
A sharp increase in divorce rates for economic (poverty) as well as social reasons.
Women could briefly own land, before collectivization was introduced.
Female workforce quadrupled, but women didn't enjoy the heavy labour.
Married couples were segregated, many women fled leaving children parentless.
prostitution increased due to poverty.
cultural policies
Aims: Chinese society should reflect proletarian values. Censorship and propaganda as well as cultural purification should ensure this.
Results: Books and film from the west were banned and destroyed.
Only literature and art that supported Chinese themes were allowed.
Creative artists that resisted were sent to labour camps.
education and health
health
Results: government funded schemes should improve basic hygiene in rural areas. A programme introduced barefoot doctors that would be sent to the countryside to provide treatment, however a national health service wasn't established.
Swamps were drained to prevent the spread of dieases via mosquitos.
some doctors were targeted for their bourgeosie lifestyle and showing pain became a sign of weakness, leading to doctors not using anesthesia.
Aims: The CCP aimed to create a universal healthcare system.
The standard of health should be greatly improved in the countryside by erradicating pests and sending doctors.
education
Reform of Mandarin language in 1955 --> written form of Mandarin helped with communication and was the biggest success of his reforms regarding education.
Mao hated those he considered “intellectual elites”, but something had to be done to increase literacy. When Mao came to power in 1949, only 20% of the population was literate. By 1976 this rose to 70%.
Students could be sent to the Soviet Union for higher education.
Overall, the reforms were largely successful, but the system of education made little advance.
Creativity, Critical Thinking were undermined due to party ideals.
130 Millions young people stopped attending school or university due to Cultural Revolution and about 12 Million were sent into the countryside