Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Group 4: Common References + Patient Medical Record :, Contents, Index,…
Group 4:
Common References + Patient Medical Record :
Patient Medical Record
EHR
Advantages
Improve clinical care
Improve patient safety
Quicker access to patient files/history
Improved care coordination
Streamline operations
Increase physician oversight of care
Disadvantages
High upfront cost
Difficult to implement
Refusal to use
Security issue
False sense of security
Wrong diagnosis carried over to other institution
In Singapore
Owned by Ministry Of Health (MOH) and managed by Integrated Health Information System (IHiS)
Since 2011, National Electronic Health Record (NHER)
Authorised healthcare professionals can access NHER
Have holistic and longitudinal view on one's healthcare history
App: Health Hub
Website: www.ihis.com.sg
EMR
Examples
X- ray report
Lab report
Nurses' note
Progress report
Medication (PMR)
Patient past record
Advantages
track data over time
easily identify patients for screenings/ check ups
check how patients are doing on certain parameters
monitor & improve overall quality of care
Limitations
Does not travel easily out of practice
Partial record (for patient who visit a few hospitals/ use OTC drug)
Limit assess to medication safety & appropriateness in management of patient medical conditions
PMR/ePMR
Uses of PMR
Medication history of patient
Understand the patient’s health conditions
Potential drug interactions on drugs prescribed by different doctors
Potential drug-herb interaction
Potential drug-food allergy
Types of PMR
Manual records
Problems
illegible handwriting
Time consuming to retrieve and store
Accessibility
Not environmental friendly
Computer-based systems (ePMR)
Types
Microfilmed/scanned copy of manual prescription
Electronic prescription and medication administration record
Advantage
Time saving
Legibility
Where is it used?
Inventory control
Medication Record for patients
Billing
Generation of Patient information leaflet
Product recall
Differences
System failure
Problem identification
Accessibility
Storage and Retrieval
Cost
Who can access?
Nurse
Pharmacist
Doctor
Allied Health Professionals
Common References
British National Formulary(BNF)
Details all medicines in UK
Navigating through BNF
2) go to index to
search for specific drug
Begins with small content section for each chapter
Side of page= Chapter title
On page= Different types of drugs for the same class
Top of page= Therapeutic use +Page number
1) go to contents to search for different chapters
Typical Layout of monograph
Class and Drug Monograph
Drug classifications
Specific Preparation Name
Cautions
Side Effects
Medicinal Forms + Pricing
Monthly Index of
Medical Specialties(MIMS
)
6 sections
1st-Classification Index
List major classes and sub-classes with page references
2nd-Abbreviation Index
Shortened words or phases for convenience
Examples:
supp.=suppositories
PO=oral administration
IM=intra-muscular
3rd-New Preparations Index
For newly developed drugs
4th-Product Information
5th-Company & Pharmacy Directory
Have the list of company with their address and telephone numbers
6th-Generic/Brand Name Index
Name that companies come up with
Examples:
Glucophage=Metforminhydrochlorid
Panadol=Paracetamol
Reference for brief product information
Company need to pay to list their drugs inside
Have online version at MIMS.com
Drug Information Handbook (DIH
)
5 sections
1st-Compilation of introductory text
Description of Monographs/Fields
Examples:
Generic Name= Brand Name
Mechanism Of Action= How drug works
in the body
Dosage= Amount of drug that is typically given
2nd-Drug Information
Alphabetical listing of Drugs
Proprietary & Generic Name
Uses, Precaution & Side Effects
Example:Penicillin
3rd-Appendix
allows for comparison of drugs with same Mechanism of Action(MOA)
Through the use of comparative drug charts
Examples:
Magnesium citrate VS Sodium Phosphate
4th-Pharmacological Category Index
List drug in their therapeutic classes
Examples:
For Acne: Tetracyclines, Hydrocortisone
5th-International Brand Name Index
Able to search for brand names from various countries
Flagship publication from Lexicomp
Endorsed by American Pharmacist Association(APhA)
Published annually
Other references
book + websites
Reference
Books
Pediatric Dosage
For people below
18 years old
Infants
Children
Adolescents
Young Adults
Reasons for pediatric dosage:
Maturational differences in ADME of Pharmacokinetics
Prevents overdosing and underdosing of drugs
derived from fractions of adult doses
optimize therapeutic effect
Considerations to take when making pediatric dose:
age
weight
surface area
disease
an example: use of Paracetamol
Psychotropic Medications
For treating mental health disorders
Work best with psychotherapy
Adjust the number of neurotransmitters(major chemicals) in your brain
5 Types of medications:
Antidepressants
Anti-anxiety medications
Stimulants
Antipsychotics
Mood Stabilizers
Reference Websites
Health Science Authority(HSA) Web
official website that is governed by Singapore
regulate health products
serves administration of justice
secure nation's blood supply
safeguard public's health
For therapeutic products:
Definition
Those not considered inside
Scope of Regulation
Mediview.sg
drug image portal
for identification purposes
comparison of
Panadol and Naproxen
managed & owned by Yishun Health, SG
