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STATUS EPILEPTICUS, Na-K, ATP-ase, (mempertahankan beda potensial),…

- - - - Mempertahankan Sel
        
        Potensial Membrane
        
        Perbedaan Potensial
        
        Muatan listrik terlepas
        
        KEJANG
- - - - Tonic-Clonic SE
        
        Focal SE with impaired consciousness
        
        Absence status epilepticus
      - ETIOLOGY
        
        Stroke
        
        Hypoxia
        
        Subarachnoid hemorrhage
        
        Tumor
        
        Obat-obatan
        
        1 more item...
      - RISK FACTORS
        
        Usia tua
        
        Genetic
        
        Cedera otak
        
        Demensia
        
        Infeksi pada otak
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Second-line agents
        Levetiracetam 60mg/kg IV, (max 4500mg) or
        Fosphenytoin or Phenytoin 20mg/kg IV (max 1500mg) or
        Valpoate 40mg/kg IV (3000mg)
        
        Refractory medications in status epilepticus
        Propolol: 2-5mg/kg IV, then infusion of 2-10mg/kg/hour
        Midazolam: 0.2mg/kg IV, then infusion of 0.05-2mg/kg/hour
        Ketamine: 0.5-3mg/kg IV, then infusion of 3-4mg/kg/hour
        Lacosamide: 400mg/kg IV over 15min, then 200mg q12h PO/IV
        Phenobarbital: 15-20mg/kg IV at 50-75mg/min
      - Advanced airway management
        RSI Preoxygenation: BVM InductionL propolol or “ketolol”
        Paralytic: Recuronium if Suggamadex is available or seizure duration >25min; otherwise succinylcholine

•Perubahan konsentrasi ion di ruangan ekstraseluler;

•Rangsangan yang datangnya mendadak, misal: mekanis, kimiawi, aliran listrik dari sekitarnya;

•Perubahan patofisiologis dari membrane sendiri karena penyakit atau keturunan.