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stages of learning + feedback - Coggle Diagram
stages of learning + feedback
cognitive
lack kinaesthetic awareness so are reliant on external feedback
lack fluency as the performer has to focus on each element of the skill
understand + explore sub-routines through trial and error learning
watch demonstrations + copy
FEEDBACK
extrinsic
don't have kinaesthetic awareness so cant use intrinsic so reliant on coach
help create a mental picture
respect opinion of coach
positive
associative
performance of skills is more fluent, automatic + consistent as motor programmes forming
still using trial + error learning as well as modelling autonomous performers + comparing their performance to that of autonomous performers to improve their performance
still using extrinsic feedback but as kinaesthetic awareness is developing they are able to start using intrinsic towards the end
longest stage aka practice stage where the most improvements are made
FEEDBACK
knowledge of performance
intrinsic
extrinsic
negative
autonomous
highly consistent, sub-consciously performed, automatic, fluent, efficient, smooth
kinaesthetic awareness so can use intrinsic feedback
FEEDBACK
negative
value negative feedback more than positive as they want to improve + may be extrinsically motivated by prize money etc
marginal gains + continual improvements
intrinsic
knowledge of performance
knowledge of results
feedback = info to aid error correction
intrinsic = from within using proprioception
:)
develops further kinaesthetic awareness -> not reliant on extrinsic feedback so able to correct own errors during a game or when laizzes faire leadership being used -> independence + encourages insight learning
always available + not reliant on others-> can help encourage independence for during games
:(
reliant on kinaesthetic awareness -> not for cognitive
needs both depth + breadth of schema
extrinsic = from an external source e.g. coach
:)
easy to give
focuses the performers attention on specific things they did well to strengthen SR bond or aspects which need to be targeted during training
beneficial for all stages of learning
create a mental picture of the skill especially if utilising video analysis -> performers can recall during performance
provides a different interpretation -> may help recognise errors they hadn't noticed
:(
too much -> information overload so attentional wastage away from important technical aspects as they perform, loss of power so becomes meaningless, reliance so may hinder the development of intrinsic
distractions + take away from training time -> less time to overlearn or use trial + error learning
detrimental if feedback if inaccurate or misleading
positive = praise/acknowledgement of a successful action
:)
encourages repetition of successful actions by providing reinforcement + thus strengthening SR bond
increases confidence + motivation -> increased task persistence
:(
can lead to over-confidence -> negative attitude that training isn't important
if used unwarranted may lead to an inaccurate view of technical ability
negative = info about how performance was incorrect/constructive criticism about how performance could have been better
:)
clarity as to what is technically wrong + hindering progress -> focus on correcting
marginal gains + continual improvements
:(
loss of motivation + confidence -> loss of task persistence
knowledge of results = feedback concerned with the outcome or result- success of failure
:)
forms an early basis for improvement -> enables KOP to be used after
objective -> enables improvements to be easily identified and goals to be measured which may help maintain motivation + task persistence
successful -> increase confidence + motivation
:(
failure + attributed to internal stable = lack of ability -> learned helplessness, loss of confidence, loss of motivation, loss of task persistence
doesnt explain why a skill was successfully or unsuccessfully performed -> doesnt necessaruly aid errr correction
too statistic based -> even if performance was strong if no win then doesn't matter
knowledge of performance = concerns how well the movement was technically performed regardless of the end result
:)
identify + focus on errors even if successful -> prevent learning plateau + encourages progression + marginal gains
provides a more detailed reflection on performance -> can be used to expand on foundation gained from KOR
could for when playing against a strong opposition to prevent a loss of confidence as still an opportunity for praise
essential for learning skills + refining skills
:(
if used in isolation may make progression, improvements and achieving goals hard to measure -> loss of motivation + drive reduction - > learning plateau
subjective -> if inaccurate/misleading could be detrimental
if too much -> information overload