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English 6 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Examples:
        There are two big Evergreen containers in the Canal now.
    - - Examples:
      - There is a job opportunity.
      - Is there a job opportunity?
      - Isn’t there a job opportunity?
      - Answers:
      - Yes, there is.
      - No, there is no (isn’t)
      - No, there’s no
- - - - Used as a shortened form of in order to.
        
        You must take this medicine (in order) to get well.
        I went to the bank to cash a check.
      - Used as objects following certain verbs*.
        
        I wanted to tell you how much I appreciated your gift.
        He hesitated to ask the embarrassing question.
    - - Afford, beg, agree, begin, Appear, care, arrange, choose, ask, claim, attempt, consent
    - - Hope, expect, plan, intend, mean
    - - Enjoy, finish, quit, put off
- - - - Anthony is fishing in the lake.
        I have a boring teacher in my Literature class.
    - - The crying baby had a wet diaper.
      - The burning log fell off the fire.
      - Smiling, she hugged the panting dog.
    - - Look at the following pair of sentences. In the first, the use of a gerund (functioning as a noun) allows the meaning to be expressed more precisely than in the second. In the first sentence the interrupting itself, a specific behavior, is precisely indicated as the cause of the speaker's irritation. In the second the cause of the irritation is identified less precisely as Bill, who just happens to have been interrupting. (In the second sentence, interrupting is actually a participle, not a gerund, since it functions as an adjective modifying Bill.)
        
        I was irritated by Bill's constant interrupting.
        I was irritated by Bill, constantly interrupting.
    - - Examples:
      - The guitarist's finger-picking was extraordinary.
      - (The technique was extraordinary.)
      - The guitarist, finger-picking, was extraordinary.
      - (The person was extraordinary, demonstrating the technique.)
    - - When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:
        
        Fishing is fun because you have contact with nature.
        Watering the plants.
      - There are gerunds that functions as subject, or adjectives.
        
        Camping is interesting.
        The rugby is exciting.
- - - - When to use it
        
        Talking about weather
        
        Examples
        
        It's raining.
        
        It's cold.
        
        It was sunny yesterday.
        
        Identifying something
        
        Examples
        
        "Who is it?"
        
        "It's me."
        
        "What is it?"
        
        "It's a cat."
        
        Talking about time
        
        Examples
        
        "What time is it?"
        
        "It's five o'clock."
        
        "What day is it?"
        
        "It's Thursday.
        
        Talking about distance
        
        Examples
        
        "How far is it to Toronto?"
        
        "It's 4000 kilometers."
      - Impersonal "there"
        
        Impersonal "there" is used to say that something exists in a particular place:
        
        Singular: There is a book on the table.
        Plural: There are three men in the car.