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Learning - Bandura (1963) (filmed model) - Coggle Diagram
Learning - Bandura (1963) (filmed model)
Aims
Bandura et al. wanted to find out if a filmed model would have the same effect as a live model on children’s aggression
To find out whether cartoon aggression has a similar impact to realistic filmed aggressions
Conclusions
Exposure to live, filmed or cartoon aggression increases the likelihood of aggression displayed
Findings
The 3 experimental groups all displayed increased aggression. The mean total number of aggressive acts was 83(live), 92(filmed realistically), 99(cartoon)
The differences between the 3 experimental conditions weren’t significant but they were all significantly higher than the total control aggression score of 54
Evaluation
Aggression was controlled by ensuring that each of the 4 groups had equally aggressive children. This was done by rating the aggression of the children by an experimenter and also the children's teacher (2 raters, inter-rater reliability)
It’s very applicable as it can be used to explain peer pressure. Individuals imitate the behaviours of people who are ‘accepted’ in a certain setting in order to fit in.
It doesn’t accurately explain why we learn or don’t learn every behavior. For example, just because we’ve had experiences of violence doesn’t mean we’ll reproduce such behaviour
It’s too reductionist as it suggests that our environment is the chief influencer of our behaviours, meaning that it sits on the nurture side of the nature v nurture debate. This means that it ignores the effect of biological factors on behaviour, such as genetics and hormones
Procedure
Step 1 - The children observed whatever they were supposed to based on their group
Step 2 - Step 2 - The kids were taken into a new room and were shown shiny new toys but were told that these are for other kids in order to frustrate them. (They need the urge to be aggressive later.)
Step 3 - They were taken into a new playroom with a range of toys and the Bobo doll. Their behaviour was then observed through a one way mirror by a male model. A second observer was present for half of the participants to ensure inter-rater reliability
Their behaviours were categorised as one of these 3
Partially imitative - Using the mallet on other toys, not Bobo
Non imitative aggression - Punching the Bobo doll, saying hostile things that the model didn't say
Imitative aggression - Behaving aggressively, saying ‘pow’ (actions of the model)
DV - Level of aggression the children showed
Sample
96 children, 48 boys and 48 girls from the Stanford uni nursery in California
Randomly placed in one of the 4 groups:
Filmed realistic aggression - Watched an adult be aggressive to Bobo displayed on a screen
Cartoon aggression condition - Watched on a TV model dressed as a black cartoon cat be aggressive towards Bobo
Live aggression condition - Watched an adult be aggressive towards Bobo irl
Control group - Didn’t watch aggression
IV - The type of model (whether they were live, cartoon or filmed)