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Elision - Coggle Diagram
Elision
/t/ and /d/ when they are surrounded by other consonants, i.e. preceded, and followed by consonants:
kind friend => /kaɪnd frend/ => /kaɪn frend/
Omission/deleting/dropping of sounds in connected speech. Affects both consonants and vowels. Operates upon clusters of sound. Elision means that one or more phonemes disappear completely.
best cheese /best tʃi:z/ > /bes tʃi:z/ i.e. /t/ is elided
The "schwa" when it is surrounded by consonants in an unstressed and non-final syllable:
police /pəli:s/ => /pli:s/
Initial /h/ in weak form words is commonly elided after a word-final consonant but never initially in a sentence.
I like him. /aɪ laɪk ɪm/ Him, I like! /hɪm aɪ laɪk/
Elision of vowels: The only vowel that is commonly elided in English is /ə/. It is most often elided in initial or medial position, and commonly before the phonemes /l/ and /r/:
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In some cases, there is a difference between RP and AE in words ending in <-ary>, <ery>, and <-ory>. In RP a whole syllable is commonly elided:
secretary /ˈsekrətri/ /sekrəˌteri/
category /ˈkætəgri/ /ˈkætəˌgɔ:ri/
(RP 3 syllables AE 4 syllables)
Elision of consonants: The most common type of consonant elision involves the loss of word-final /t/ and /d/ between consonants. Elision takes place when the word-final /t/ or /d/ is preceded by a consonant and when the following word starts with a consonant.
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Elision of past tense -ed (also /t/ and /d/ between consonants. In English, the past tense of regular verbs is marked by using the spelling <-ed> or <-d>. In speech, this ending is fortis /t/ when the previous sound is voiceless, and lenis /d/ when the previous sound is As a result, in certain contexts it becomes difficult (even impossible!) to distinguish between past and present tense in speech. We can then rely only on context:
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/h/-dropping: The consonant /h/ is commonly elided; this is referred to as h-dropping. Throughout the history of English, /h/ has been very unfortunate in that it tends to disappear. The word it, for example, used to be hit.
We must also factor in the influence from French; in French, the letter <h> is silent and there is thus no sound /h/. French had a great impact on English after the Norman Conquest and in decades to follow.
When native speakers of French speak English, they often drop initial /h/:
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In standard variants of English, including RP and AE, h-dropping mostly occurs in function (grammatical)words:
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