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SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND DEMOCRACY - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND DEMOCRACY
THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA
Miguel Primo de Rivera
led a military coup
established a right- wing dictatorship
In 1923
only a dictatorship could put an end to the problems
merged during the reign of Alfonso XIII
Primo de Rivera was named president of the government
Alfonso XIII accepted the dictatorship
supported by almost all of the social sectors
the socialist trade unions
hoped Primo de Rivera would introduce social and labour reforms
Domestic policy
Patriotic Union
the official party of the dictatorship
re-establish order by eradicating terrorism
nationalism
suppression of demonstrations
Foreign policy
definitive victory in the war in Morocco
increased the dictatorship's prestige
The economy
large public works
hydroelectric power stations
reservoirs and canals
create employment
State monopolies
were also set up
From 1928 onwards...
opposition from the army
Political parties opposed him
situation was made worse by the economic crisis of 1929
the king withdrew his support for the dictator
THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
The left-wing or reformist biennium (1931–1933)
significant reforms
Agricultural reform
large agricultural estates were expropriated
land was divided among
landless peasants
began to occupy land in Andalucía and other regions in protest
Labour reforms
Law of Labour Contracts
orced business owners to negotiate working conditions
the UGT
the CNT
eight-hour working day was established
minimum wage and paid holidays
Military reforms
Azaña law
reduced the excessive number
army officers
prioritised promotion
based on academic qualifications
Educational reforms
a secular, mixed gender, compulsory free education system
aim of taking culture to rural areas
The church
felt that this reform was an attack on Catholicism
Territorial reforms
Cataluña was given a statute of autonomy
process of autonomy was begun for País Vasco and Galicia
right-wing politicians
ttack on the integrity of Spanish territory
attempted military coup
in 1932
discontent
extreme right-wing political groups
radical left-wing groups
various political parties
Niceto Alcalá Zamora was named president of the Republic
Manuel Azaña became head of the government
write a new Constitution (1931)
the Second Spanish Republic
14 April 1931
Alfonso XIII was restored
municipal elections were held
e Republican-Socialist coalition won
three periods
left-wing
reformist biennium
Popular Front
The centre-right biennium (1933–1936)
Elections were held
centre-right parties won
conservative government
PSOE and the PCE
main trade unions (the UGT and the CNT)
general strike in October 1934
October Revolution
Asturias
social revolution
proclaimed a revolutionary government
Cataluña
political revolution
Lluis Companys, proclaimed a Catalan state
The revolution was brought to an end
the army intervened
political tension and social discontent
by the military repression of the working class
new elections
The Popular Front (1936)
Left-wing parties
formed a coalition
formed a coalition
Manuel Azaña became the president of the Republic
Casares Quiroga became head of the government
new expropriations and the statute of autonomy of Cataluña was re-established
government reforms
protests and violent clashes between extreme right-wing militants
extreme left-wing groups (anarchists and communists)
Right-wing
Supported by
Army. Landowners. Church.
Parties
.
Spanish Falange.
Radical Party.
National Block.
PNV.
Lliga Catalana
Coalition of parties
CEDA.
Left-wing
Supported by
Intellectuals. Workers. Peasants.
Parties
.
PSOE: Socialists.
PCE: Communists.
Esquerra Republicana Catalana (ERC).
Izquierda Republicana.
Trade unions
UGT: Socialists.
CNT and FAI: anarchists.
Coalition of parties
Popular Front.
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
Reasons for the outbreak of the war
to end public disorder
protests, strikes and attacks against politicians, business owners and union members
fear of a working class revolution
re-establish the political and social order
had been in place previously
to end left-wing government reforms
church was opposed to the secularisation of education
landowners were discontent with the expropriation of their lands
business owners opposed the labour reforms
the army were unhappy with their loss of political power
Characteristics of the two zones
Republican zone
authority was split
central government,
a Popular Army of militiamen
different revolutionary groups
Nationalist zone
control of General Francisco Franco
authoritarian regime (dictatorship)
THE TWO SIDES AND INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
Republicans
Stalinist USSR supported a workers' revolution
The International Brigades were military units
Mexico sent food and healthcare supplies
Nationalists
Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, because of the similarity of their ideologies.
Portugal and Ireland supplied volunteers who joined the Nationalist army
The development of the war
March to Madrid
Nationalists, led by General Franco
tried to occupy Madrid
Northern campaign
objective for Franco was to take
Asturias
Cantabria
Pais Vasco
Battle of the Ebro
Republicans began
to stop the Nationalist advance towards Cataluña
The end of the war
Nationalist army took Madrid and on 1 April 1939
war ended
The consequences of the civil war
Demographic
Economic
Cultural
Political
