Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM - Coggle Diagram
AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM
Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes
factors
nationalist feeling
defending the nation from foreign threats
reinforced by
reinforced by the economic crisis of 1929
implementation of protectionist policies
power of the state increased
state intervention in economy
society during the crisis of 1929
habits of military organisation
comradeship
Many soldiers
found it difficult to adapt to civilian life
a chain of command
New parties were formed
represented the working masses
discontented due to unemployment
low wages and land distribution
common characteristics
Society
supported the regime
controlled and informed by the state
believed that this system provided a solution to their problems
Economy
state intervened in and controlled the economy
Companies were nationalised
Public works programmes
to reduce unemployment
imports were minimalised
Foreign policy
regimes pursued an expansionist foreign policy
Politics
government
authoritarian dictatorship
was a charismatic leader
was a charismatic leader
a single political party
anti-democratic government
no
trade unions
free elections
political parties
Citizens' rights were limited
Social support
middle class
army
busines owners and workers
authoritarian dictatorships
Germany, Italy and the USSR
power
ruling political party
supreme leader
some cases
evolved into totalitarian regimes
Methods to safeguard their power
Culture
A policy of repression
Violence
Propaganda
THE USSR: STALINISM
characteristics
economy
planned and controlled by the state
Stalin introduced
series of five-year plans
aimed to achieve the rapid industrialisation of the USSR
collectivisation of land
expropriation of property
forced obligation of the workers
Sovkhoz
the land was owned by the state
workers were paid a wage
Kolkhoz
owned by the collective or cooperative
workers received part of the harvest as a wage
crops produced
given to the state for export
gain capital to buy industrial machinery
nationalisation of existing industries
investment in and creation of heavy industry
production of capital goods
expense of consumer goods
hydraulic works
to increase the production of electricity
social equality
guaranteeing
healthcare
education
housing
differences between
the governing elite
with high incomes
rest of the population
living on a minimum wage
times of food shortages
went hungry
political power
held by Stalin
control of the CPSU
approved the Constitution of 1936
maintained the CPSU as the only political party
spread communism across Europe
through the Komintern (Third International)
Propaganda and repression
Stalin reinforced his own power
through propaganda
saviour of patriotism
repression
purges
ITALIAN FASCISM
Fascism
the system of authoritarian government
established by Benito Mussolini
in Italy
in 1922
constitutional monarchy of Victor Emmanuel III
strikes and protests
badly affected by the post-war economic crisis
inflation and continual social unrest
creation of the Fasci
volunteer militias
helped maintain order in the streets
Benito Mussolini created the first Fasci combat groups
(Blackshirts)
paramilitary group
ultranationalist ideology
opposed the socialist parties and trade unions
National Fascist Party
In 1921
formed by Mussolini
transformed the democratic state
into a dictatorship
Measures of Mussolinis dictatorship
in politics
in 1926
he transferred all power to himself
the leader of the only political party
head of the government
head of the army
other parties
were prohibited
persecuted those who opposed his regime
Parliament was replaced by the Chamber of Fascists
Mussolini's social policies
he removed workers' rights
right to a union
right to stike
indoctrinated the population
through the education system
increased the birth rate
by offering subsidies to large families
economy
Government intervention
after the economic crisis of 1929
autarky was set up
NAZI GERMANY
Nazism
system of dictatorship
established by Adolf Hitler
in Germany
was known as Führer (leader)
totalitarian regime
replaced the Weimar Democratic Republic
the payment of reparations
territorial and economic conditions
imposed by the Treaty of Versailles
hyperinflation and high unemployment
hyperinflation and high unemployment
National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSGWP)
Adolf Hitler became the leader
In 1921
used the SS
to attack the opposition
workers' parties
mainly on the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
measures
adopted by Hitler
Third Reich
IN 1934
Nazi Party became the only legal political party
persecuted anyone who opposed it
foreign policy
expansionist policy to recover German territories
great economic development
Unemployment fell
a programme of public works
the development of the arms industry
anti-Semitic
racist towards Jews
German Jews were persecuted by the regime
Public rallies
, were prepared with incredible attention
visually impressive.
forms of mass media to communicate
