Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Final Test Review Chapter 11, mutation, convergent radiation - Coggle…
Final Test Review Chapter 11
chapter11.1
An allele frequency is a measure of how common an allele is in
a population
Genetic variation comes from two main sources:
mutation
and
recombination.
A mutation is a random change in DNA. This change can
result in a new allele
Recombination New combinations of alleles form during meiosis—
the type of cell division that forms gametes.
Gene pool is made up of all of the alleles of all of the individuals in a
population.
chapter11.2
Normal distribution
the frequency is highest for
the middle, or decrease toward each extreme value
Microevolution
Microevolution is the observable change in the allele frequencies of
a population over time.
The 3 Pathways of Natural Selection
Directional Selection:Selection that favors a phenotype at one
end, or extreme, of a range
Stabilizing Selection:Selection that favors the middle, or
intermediate, phenotype
Disruptive Selection:Selection that favors both extreme phenotypes
chapter 11.5
reproductive isolation
geographic isolation
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
speciation
It is a process of evolution, which refers to the process of dividing biological species into two.
chapter 11.6
adaptive radiation
Adaptation to radiation is mainly driven by variation and natural selection.
coevolution
Co-evolution is an endless evolutionary arms race between predators and prey. Co-evolution also includes the evolution between hosts and parasites, and mutually beneficial symbiosis may occur in the process.
the theory of punctuated equilibrium
Species can go through a relatively rapid species formation process compared with traditional concepts for a certain period of time, and then go through a period of time without much change.
It refers to the evolution of similar body structures and physiological functions in order to meet the needs of survival due to long-term living in the same or similar environments.
divergent evolution
It refers to the phenomenon that two or more biological characteristics have a common evolutionary origin, but gradually differentiate in the evolutionary process, also known as adaptation.
chapter11.3
gene flow
the movenment alleles from one population to another
gene flow occur indiviuals moving and spores or seeds spreading
genetic dift
the change in alleles frequency that are due to chance
bottleneck effect
genetic drift occur after an event greatly reduce the size of population
founder efffect
genetic drift occur after small number of individuals colonize a new area
sexual selection
the difference in reproductive cost makes femals choosy about mates
intrasexual selection
intersexual selection
chapter11.4
hardy-weinberg equilibrium
vergy parge population
no emigration or immigration
nno mutation
random mating
no natural selection
hardy-weiberg equation
population biologist compare predicted genotype frequency with actual frequency. If they are same, the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium for that trait. If genetic data not match the equation, the population is not in equilibrium.
five factor lead evolution
genefit drift
gene flow
mutation
sexual selection
natural selection
convergent radiation
