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Risk factors: Increased likelihood of patient forming an atherosclerotic…

- - - - Thrombosis formation on top of the Atherosclerotic plaque
        
        activation of haemostasis means the unstable fibrous cap is more likely to be torn/ damaged by platelets coming into contact with the proteins inside of the atherosclerotic plaque
        this turns on thrombosis in top of the atherosclerotic plaque
        This causes internal occlusion of the Coronary artery
        
        This means there will be no downstream tissue flow
        
        This means there won't be enough oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation to occur in the mitochondria of the cardiomyocytes
        
        Therefore anaerobic glycolysis will occur
        
        However there still won't be sufficient ATP produced to activate membrane pumps or activate process of damaged protein repair
        
        Different cells in the tissue will be affected by ischemia at different rates; the cells that are affect more slowly will be turning on a range of signalling cascades that change there cell biology
        
        Eventually if the damage goes on for too long the cells will start to die by necrosis (not enough energy for apoptosis)
        --> Myocardial infarction
        
        Abnormal blood flow
        
        due to the normal heat rhythms unable to be conducted through the dead myocardium the ventricle is unable to contract thus changing blood flow in the ventricle
        
        Mural Thrombosis Formation
        
        Embolus
        
        Emboli breaks off and enters the systemic circulate whereby is gets lodged in an area distant from the heart causing stenosis leading to occlusion
        
        Gut --> emboli gets lodged in the gut causing
        
        loss of crypt
        -- inflammation
        
        necrosis
        Ultimately resulting in serve abdominal pain
        and bloody diarreaha
        
        Brain emboli gets lodged in the brain causing lack of blood supply to the brain leading to ischemia to brain neurons resulting in paralysis
        
        Hypercoagulatbilty
        
        heart attack would causes the body to systemically respond to the large tissue damge via hypercoagulability wherby more coagulation portiens would be pumped out thus increasing the liklihood o factivation of the coagulation cascade
        
        Endothelial cell injury
        
        the endothelial cells that line the chamber of the heart are surrounded by dead tissue
        
        this causes activation of the endothelial cells
        
        Heart failure