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Soc1 Revolution - Coggle Diagram
Soc1 Revolution
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Liberal
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political structure should represent everybody so those with political power should adapt to include those outside- concessions
Arab Spring: successful revolutions creating disappointing regimes, failed ones create more violent counter-revolutions
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England landed people realised land was growing less important so included more people without violent revolution
Realist
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statists: focus on the structure, agents and agitation not enough for revolution, state elite has to be divided because, otherwise, have immense power to suppress
no revolution when army willing and able to defend- Bolshevik, military descended under WWI, Cuba and Iran faced defection
social movement theorists: has to be opportunity available, agents matter most to mobilise people, money, charisma, allies, ideology
structured agency: society maintained reproducing power relations, resilience, small changes that only in exceptional cases leads to revolution, structured agents fulfilling field
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Armenia
Ishkanian deemed it successful because of 'the presence of a charismatic leader... the existence of a politically active constituency... the seixing of a key windw of opprtunity'
Ishkanian: 'upon taking office, he criticized the 'paralysis' of judges and prosecutors' and 'warned that those who failed to act professionally and fairly would be replaced' but very little has been done, there is no structural overhaul, the days of complete change in great revolutions done?
Giragosian: 'Armenia is still plagued by institutional weakness nad vulnerability'... 'lack of a truly independent judiciary and the related absence of law'
Shougarian claims it 'belongs to a new generation of revolutions', ones in defence of democracy
giragosian: 'unusualy, the revolution did not pssess a strong geopolitical element- either in the form of active involvement in its processes by third countries or in terms of it signalling a strategic chanfe in geopolitical direction'
Marxist
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mass of people have economic power, those with capital have political power and wont give it up, has to be resolved
people and their actions are a reflection of structure and the material conditions they find themselves in
Post-Structuralist
where is the state's hub of power? 6 Jan, Wall Street- nothing happened
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Foucault: excited by revolution in Iran until he realised not much had fundamentally changed, still recognisable as a modern state
Iran
Foucaultian view that power is no longer visible seemed to be overcome by the present and centralised authority of the Shah
Theda Skocpol: 'the Shah himself was universally understood to be the autocratic embodiment of state authority'
Tocqueville: 'the trouble is knowing from whom to take', prbably said in terms of people becoming more equal and democracy dispersing official resting place of power but very Foucaultian
Skocpol: 'in 1975-77, world demand for Iranian oil contracted, and many projecs had to be cut and workers thrown out of employment', causing wider inequality and discontent
Skocpol: 'a world-view and a set of social practices long in place can sustain a deliberate revolutioanry movement'
Democracy in America
'at each instant they become more interested in it by the continual worries it gives them, and they become attached to it by the daily efforts they make to augment it. The idea of yielding the least part of it is intolerable to them'
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