Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Women - Coggle Diagram
Women
Lenin
Family
1918 Family Code led by Kollontai, radical, believes family 'ceases to be necessary' under socialism. Deputy Minister of Social Welfare.
abortion legalised, 1920, first country in world to honour women's right to choose
divorce made easier and cheaper (4 roubles), although led to highest divorce rate in Europe, with many pregnant women abandoned
-
-
Employment
70,000 women in Red Army during Civil War but never high positions
first to be unemployed during NEP, turned to prostitution, 39% of urban men regularly used
-
Politics
Krupskaya only influential as she was wife of Lenin, her power declined after his death
Kollontai radical feminist but her power declined when she was sent into de facto exile as first female ambassador to Norway, Mexico, Sweden. Didn't speak up again, like during Stalin purges that killed her ex-husband, lest she be removed.
'in order to draw the masses into politics, you must draw women into politics as well' (Lenin)
women gained right to vote 1917, first major power in world to do so, but just 5% of delegates to 1918 constituent assembly were women
Stalin
Family
-
-
decriminalised abortion, contraception virtually disappeared in 1930s
made divorce more expensive, 50 roubles, a week's wages
-
Employment
40% of heavy industry workers were women, increased from 3 million in 1928 to 13 million in 1940
child labour had been criminalised in 1922, so women now represented the cheapest labour, exploited for industrialisation
indeed, earned on average 60% of men's earnings
often treated badly in factories, seen as bad luck by men
50,000 female tractor drivers with high wage, pasha Angelina, 129% of local quota, token, female tractor drivers were 0.5% of rural women
Politics
-
Kollontai didn't speak against purges, abortion law etc.
-
Khrushchev
Family
-
-
Tereshkova, beacon of feminist progress as first woman in space said this, shows stagnant attitudes, same as under Tsars
relegalised abortion but 'one abortion in every three was performed illegally, mainly because the women needed anonymity' (Walker)
Employment
Virgin Land Scheme, encouraged young single women to join to entice young men. 'your caring hands are needed everywhere'
worked menial jobs here, like milkmaid, viewed only as mothers. spent 5x longer on domestic duties than males on farms. Triple shift
Politics
-
Furtseva first woman in politburo, represented social mobility as had previously worked in textiles factory, but was only there due to her part in saving K from coup. there would not be another woman in politburo until 1988 - Biryukova
Brezhnev
Family
greater benefits for women with more children, borne out of a concern for plummeting birth rates
Employment
shamed working women in propaganda for 'child neglect', claiming they were responsible fro juvenile delinquency and crime
BAM railway, encouraged young single women to join as Bamovkas to entice men
did menial, underpaid work here, used as commodities
-
-