Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Spain: dictatorship and democracy, image, image, image, image, image,…
Spain: dictatorship and democracy
1920s and 1930s
Spain went through a political evolution
A military dictatorship was followed by a period of democracy
With the establishment of the Second Republic
THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA
In 1923
General Miguel Primo de Rivera led a military coup
He established a right- wing dictatorship.
Alfonso XIII accepted the dictatorship
Primo de Rivera was named president of the government
The dictatorship was supported by all of the social sectors
Domestic policy
The Patriotic Union became the official party of the dictatorship
objectives
Re-establish order by eradicating terrorism, nationalism and suppressing demonstrations
Foreign policy
The dictatorship won a definitive victory in the war in Morocco
The air force, navy and ground troops staged a coordinated attack
The economy
A plan was implemented to build large public works
These works helped create employment
State monopolies were set up
Petrol distribution company CAMPSA 1927
Compañía Telefónica 1924
He faced growing opposition.The situation was made worse by the economic crisis of 1929
It caused unemployment and social unrest
In January 1930
Primo de Rivera resigned
A constitutional monarchy was restored
The king withdrew his support for the dictator
THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
In April 1931
The constitutional monarchy of Alfonso XIII was restored and municipal elections were held
The Republican-Socialist coalition won and Alfonso XIII went into exile
14 April 1931
The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed
The second republic
The centre-right biennium
Elections were held and the centre-right parties won
They established a conservative government
Alejandro Lerroux was named the new head of government
Niceto Alcalá Zamora named him
He had the support of the Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas
Thanks to thus he suspended the reforms made by the previous government
October 1934
The PSOE and the PCE organised a general strike
In protest against the suspension of the previous government's reforms
October Revolution
Asturias
It was a social revolution
The miners took control of the coalfields
They proclaimed a revolutionary government
Cataluña
It was a political revolution
Lluis Companys
The president of the autonomous community
He proclaimed a Catalan state
The revolution ended when the army intervened
The Popular Front
Left-wing parties formed a coalition
It was called the Popular Front
In February 1936
They won the elections
president of the Republic
Manuel Azaña
head of the government
Casares Quiroga
The government reforms provoked protests and violent clashes
between extreme right-wing militants and extreme left-wing groups
the left-wing or reformist biennium
the government was made up of republicans
. Niceto Alcalá Zamora was named president of the Republic
Manuel Azaña became head of the government
They wrote a new Constitution
It contained extensive citizens rights
REFORMS
Military
The Azaña law reduced the excessive number of army officers and prioritised promotion based on academic qualifications
Agricultural
large agricultural estates were expropriated and the land was divided among landless peasants
who became small landowners
Territorial
Cataluña was given a statute of autonomy and the process of autonomy was begun for País Vasco and Galicia
Labour
It forced business owners to negotiate working conditions with the trade unions to avoid strikes
Educational
A secular, mixed gender, compulsory free education system was established
The reforms provoked an attempted military coup in 1932
The reforms were not accepted, this caused many strikes and confrontations with security forces
In 1933 in one confrontations peasants were killed by security forces
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
It was a military conflict which took place between 1936 and 1939
The Republic was replaced with a dictatorship led by General Francisco Franco
Reasons for the outbreak
aims
3 different
to end public disorder
Caused by extreme right-wing and left-wing militants
to end left-wing government reforms
The church was opposed to the secularisation of education
the landowners were discontent with the expropriation of their lands
business owners opposed the labour reforms
The army were unhappy with their loss of political power
to end the Republic and re-establish the political and social order that had been in place previously
The development of the war
tragectory
March to Madrid
the Nationalists led by General Franco, tried to occupy Madrid, but they were defeated
Northern campaign
Nationalist wanted to take Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco
Guernica was bombed in 1937
by nazis
Battle of the Ebro
the Republicans began the battle of the Ebro in order to stop the Nationalist advance towards Cataluña
Franco won the battle
The end of the war: in March, the Nationalist army took Madrid and on 1 April 1939, the war ended.
The consequences of the civil war
main consequences
Political
an authoritarian regime was set up
Economic
Economic losses were high due to
the destruction of infrastructure
transport systems
industrial areas
houses
Demographic
half a million Spanish people died during the civil war
Another half a million republicans were exiled to Latin America and France
Cultural
ideological repression was implemented through education and culture
