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Environmental Ethics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Singer species - ref. preference utilitarianism (other species preference is not to die)
        
        if we see suffering to humans as wrong logical to think wrong to cause animals pain over wise we are discriminating purely based on species
    - - intuitive to put happiness as priority - people likely to follow doctrine over a religios one
      - teleological basis is good considering environmental problems impact on future
        
        BUT: difficult to know what these effects will be
        
        BUT: Lovelock says we have already gone too far
    - - Parfit: looking at individual actions means buying a plastic bag may not seem to remove happiness in one instant but if done by everyone is bad - hedonic calculus puts emphasis on close at hand events rather than in the future
  - - - BUT: deontological nature goes against nature of environmental eissues
      - BUT it degrades human character to needlessly kill animals/cause pain
      - BUT: seems too cold - animal suffering intuiively wrong
    - - when we as an autonomous being say something is bad do so for non-autnmous humans too eg. babies - can extend this to animals as they are being that matters to themselves
  - - - BUT: if seeing animals being harmed makes you a cruel person does this not suggest there is something intrinsically bad about animals being harmed
      - Goldmann - psychology - act in a good way habitually become a better person
    - - is a flourishing environment necessary for euidamonia
      - focus on community important as need community response do stop climate crisis - is ecology part of community
      - focus on human moral character takes away from intrinsic value of animals - especially if not agreed that positive action towards animals is necessary for good moral character
- - - - BUT: ignores animal intelligence, stewardship
    - - Bentham: "the question is not can they reason?, nor can they talk? but can they suffer?"