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Agricultural policy remained consistent and effective between the years…
Agricultural policy remained consistent and effective between the years 1917-53
WAR COMMUNISM
grain requisitioning
in order to feed the red army, with soldiers getting largest rations
it achieved its aims here, but the focus of the aims were very narrow, and did not take into account the living standards of the people
requisitioning led to low productivity and uprisings - Tambov uprising, and another 118 reported by the Cheka in Feb 1921 alone
grain production actually fell, with opposing peasants shot
5 million people starved, some restored to cannibalism, harboured long term, deep resentment that alienated peasantry indefinitely
not effective, although it fed the army, production was down, at huge cost of human life
industry fell because workers fled the cities in search of food
NEP
50% tax on grain
helped to placate the peasants by ending the unpopular grain requisitioning
also encouraged more production, as now there was an incentive
agriculture improved dramatically at this time, but much faster than industry, causing the scissors crisis which further alienated peasants as they were unable to buy anything
this represents effective agricultural policy but not in line with rest of the economy, which was just aiming to restabilise
also not consistent with war communism, tax instead of full requisitioning now
Collectivisation
'bring socialism to the countryside'
wanted to modernise agriculture to feed industry, in line with smychka
all kolkhozes collectivised by 1941, and balance restored to urban:town populations at 50:50 when had previously been 20:80
this was consistent with Lenin's policy of requisitioning in a way, as now all farms were under state control. Lenin had actually wanted to do collectivisation in 1917 but didn't have resources
not effective, however. Number of horses halved in protest between 1928 and 1932, with levels not restoring until 1953. This meant low milk (cows also affected) and meat production
agricultural production actually fell, and 7 million people starved in a man made genocidal famine in Ukraine (consistent with war communism)
mechanisation was slow, with only half of farms having MTSs, with 75,000 tractors that were poorly made and barely made up for the destruction of horses
overall not effective, damaged the smychka irreparably, and collective farms did not produce as much as private ones
Post-war
in 1945, agricultural production was a half of what it was in 1940
but after the war, Stalin focused on heavy industry, devoting 88% of economic spending to it
agriculture still left to flounder, ineffective but consistent with collectivisation as that too was undervalued compared to industrialisation
= Prodrazvyorstka
= prodnalog