Blood Supply of Bones
Arterial Supply
Young Long Bones
Nutrient Supply
Enter the Shaft through the nutrient Foramen, runs through the Cortex, and divides into ascending and descending branches which turn down to form hair pin bends
Each branch divides into a number of small parallel channels which terminate in the Adult Metaphysis by Anastomosing with the Epiphysial, Metaphysial and Periosteal arteries
The Nutrient Artery supplies Medullary Cavity, inner 2/3rd of Cortex and Metaphysis
The growing ends of bones in upper Limb are Upper end of humerus and Lower end of Femur and Upper End of Tibia are the growing ends
The Nutrient Foramen is directed away from the growing end of the bone. Their directions are indicated by a Jingle
Periosteal Arteries
These are especially numerous beneath the Muscular and Ligamentous Attachment
They Ramify beneath the periosteum and enter the Volkmann's canal to supply the outer 1/3rd of the Cortex
Epiphysial Arteries
These are derived from Periarticular Vascular Arcades (Circulus Vasculosus) found on the nonarticular bony Surface
Out of the numerous Vascular Foramina in this region, only a few admit the arteries (epiphysal and metaphysis), and the rest are Venous exits
The number and size of these Foramina may give an idea of the relative Vasularity of the two ends of a Long Bones
Metaphysial Arteries
These are derived from the neighbouring Systemic Vessels
They pass directly into the Metaphysis and reinforce the Metaphysial branches from the Primary Nutrient Artery
Long Short Bones
Nutrient Artery enters the middle of Shaft and divides to form a plexus. Periosteal Artery supplies major part of Bone and may replace the Nutrient Artery
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Short Bones
Short Bones are supplied by numerous Periosteal Vessels which their nonarticular surfaces
Vertebra
In a vertebra, the body is supplied by anterior and posterior vessels and the vertebral arch by Large Vessels entering the bases of transverse process. It Red Marrow is drained by two Large Basivertebral veins. These Foramina lie on the posterior aspect of the body of the vertebra
Rib
A Rib is supplied by (a) the nutrient artery which enters it just beyond the tubercle and (b) the Periosteal Arteries
Venous Drainage
Veins are numerous and large in the Cancellous Red Marrow contaning bones (eg. basivertebral veins). In the Compact bone, they accompany arteries in the Volkmann's Canals
Lymphatic Drainage
Lymphatics have not been within demonstrated within the bone, although some of them do accompany the Periosteal Blood Vessels, which drain to the regional Lymph Nodes
Nerve Supply of Bones
Nerves accompany the blood vessels. Most of them are Symphathetic and Vasomotor in the function
Few of them are Sensory which are distributed to the Articular ends and Periosteum of the Long Bones, to the Vertebra, and to Large Flat Bones