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Advancement of Science and Technology Throughout Human Civilisation`s…
Advancement of Science and Technology Throughout Human Civilisation`s History That Shaped Modern Society
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
Medicines
Famous figure: Abu Ali Al-Hussain Ibn Abdallah Ibn Sina, al-Razi
Ibn Sina's famous book The Canon of Medicine was translated into Latin in the twelfth centuryand it was used in medical schools throughout Europe until the advent of modern science (Beshore, 1998; Meyers, 1964). The Canon of Medicine contained all Greek medical knowledge together with Arabic interpretations and contributions.
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Astronomy
Many astronomical instruments are invented such as astrolabe. The main uses of astrolabes were to tell time during day or night, to identify the time of sunrise and sunset, and the length of the day, and to locate celestial objects in the sky.
Famous figure: Al-Battani, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
Muslims built large observatories in Maragha and Samarkand, and later at Delhi and Jaipur,
and in Turkey
Mathematics
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Famous figure: Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Maslama al-Majriti
Al-Battani (d.929) systematically developed
trigonometry and extended it to spherical trigonometry with important consequences for astronomy, geography and exploration beyond the known world, thus making the construction of better maps and the reconceptualisation of the structure of the planet Earth
Engineering
Many innovations are done by scholars such as the creation of automatic water pumps, elephant clocks, noria and many more.
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Architecture
Eg: Alhambra palace, Ibn Tulun Mosque
At that time, there was no such thing like speakers so in order to increase the volume of the sound, the islamic civilization used domes. The dome is used as a sound collector and amplifier that serves as a speaker.
Eg: The large dome in Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul serves as a voice chanter, and in this mosque also has another 27 small dome which function is to absorb the high sound reflection, where it reflects the sound back into the mosque. The reflection of sound occurs simultaneously and does not resonate.
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EUROPEAN CIVILISATION
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translation activity
Gerard of Cremona spends 50 years to study islamic science in andalusia and have translated more than 90 words from arabic into latin
Michael Scot, Robert of Chester andGrard of Cremora are the famousr arabic to latin translator
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- Role played by individuals
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- Positive attitude of the rulers
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ANGELA EE SI JIE (A21HP0015)
BOK CHI WUO (A21HP0220)
JAIME GO XIN YI (A21HP0044)
ZIHANI IZHAR BIN AZAHIR (A21EC0241)
MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN ARIS (A21EC0203)
CHE NURUL ALYA FATNIN BINTI CHE SUHAIMI (A21HP0024)
NUR SYIDAH BINTI SALIM (A21HP0156)
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