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PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION, An attitude, an emotionally powerful one -…
PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
PREJUDICE
Is
an attitude,
emotionally powerful one.
is a hostile or negative attitude toward people
we all potential victims of prejudice for nor other reason than our membership in an identifiable group.
whether on basis
skin colour
religion
ethnicity
gender
age
is two-ways streets
often flows from the minority and the majority group
3 COMPONENTS OF PREJUDICE
made up of three components
A emotional components
with emotional, even with someone that usually very reasonable with everything else, will be hard rock to change
logically argument are not effective in countering emotions
it is primarily
the emotional aspect of attitudes that makes a prejudiced person so hard to get argue with.
but,
if you had a very little information if the group you stereotyping, and not emotionally invested in it, you are likely yo be open to changes it.
A behavioral components
prejudice often leads to
Discrimination
unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group solely because of his or membership in that group.
example: must be thin to be seen as beautiful.
example: just because your are fat, they all assume that fat people are lazy or unbeautiful and etc.
Racial Discrimination
some races are not treated equally.
some would just let discrimination rules some laws.
such as a discrimination on black people.
Gender Discrimination
many still thinks that gender discrimination is no longer a problem
when occupations, are segregated by gender
many still didn't get an equal treatment.
just because discrimination still be barriers in this problem.
Activation of prejudice
having a negative attitude toward people who are not born in the United States. Although people holding this prejudiced attitude do not know all people who were not born in the United States, they dislike them due to their status as foreigners.
A cognitive components
involves the belief or thought (cognitions) that make up the attitude.
Create
categories
human mind cannot avoid
create categories
putting some people into group based in certain characteristic and others into another groups
an adaptive mechanism.
monoracial
human begin to create categories as they were born
example: in Malaysia popular that baby with two "pusar" on his /her head, they will be very naughty as they get older
From
categories
to
Stereotype
people often describe someone only base on categories that they already known.
remarkably all the thought on those all the same because of 'the little picture we carry around inside our head'.
is cognitive process
can be
positive
as well
negative
.
merely a technique that all of us to simplify how we see at the world.
Gordon Allport (1954)
describe stereotyping as ' the law of least effort'
we minimize our cognitive time and energy
positive stereotype
abuse of stereotyping's mental shortcut can be blatant and obvious.
example: Asians American
often labeled a 'modelled minority'
a culture of people that hardworking, ambitious.
but many of them aren't behaving like that or even interesting in academic but more interesting in others.
is based on experience
we all had a some experience that will make us stereotyping something
such as : experience with nurse that all nurse are fierce just because we had an experience in that ways.
stereotyping of gender
just about everyone holds stereotype of women, men in some positive and negative
but as usual, the stereotype exaggerates
differences between sexes, ignore differences in personality and abilities within each gender.
DETECTING HIDDEN PREJUDICE
how can we measure prejudice that people dont wat to reveal.
ways to
identifying suppressed prejudice
a situation of an event, some would make assumptions on you with just knowing you on outside such in your media social. with only information on media social, they make an prejudice on how you are like.
ways to
identifying implicit prejudice
by using a test called
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
a test is when you on a program which measured the speed of people's positive and negative associations to a target group.
such as a picture given on black and white people, so you will match a personality with races given. with a speed you will match a aggressive personality to black people and polite personality to white people.
Effect of prejudice on Victim
the
Self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation of one's own or another person's behavior that comes true because of the tendency of the person holding on it.
Stereotype Threat
socially premised psychological threat that arises when one is in a situation or doing something for which a negative stereotype about one's group applies
if an individual is worried that performing badly on a test will confirm people's negative beliefs about the intelligence of their race, gender, culture, ethnicity, or other forms of identity, they are experiencing stereotype threat
CAUSES AND HOW TO REDUCE PREJUDICE
Conformity to social rules
desire to be accepted and fit in.
leads many people to go along with the stereotype without correct it.
Importance of social identities
tendency of human to organize people into group
In-group (bias)
tendency to treat own group more positively than other
Out-group (homogeneity)
mistaken perception that 'they' are all alike.
common attribution is blaming the victim for one's prejudice
blaming the victim also promotes the In-group feeling superior.
Realistic conflict
conditions that can reduce prejudice
conditions that can reduce prejudice
the Contact Hypothesis
6 conditions
interdependence
a situation where groups need to depends on each other to accomplish their goal.
example:
Equal Status
members of groups must possess an equal status. equal in hierarchical relationship.
example: no man nor women can only can get prioritize in anything. Both must get the specialize the same. such as choice to work in any field such an engineering
A common goals
members must rely on each other to achieve their shared goals.
a goals that both parties agreed on and have an equal finalizations
opportunity for informal contact
both group must evenly communicate freely without gender discrimination or any other barrier that comes forward.
all get the same opportunity to gives out their opinion.
chance to interact with multiple members of the Out-group rather than one 'token'
in order to get more opinion to solve any problem, all must interact more without genderism or with just an specific group only.
all get to shared their opinion and open up to.
Social Norms
society itself must prevent any stereotyping people and putting label on others.
An attitude, an emotionally powerful one