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PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND ALTURISM - Coggle Diagram
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND ALTURISM
Prosocial Behavior
Prosocial
act of kindness without reason
help someone with her assignment ( because have a personal interest in mind)
Altruism
desire to help people , act of kindness without motives but comes with cost
such dangering yourself
returning a lost wallet ( act of kindness only)
how to
differ between
those two ?
Prosocial
can be acted out with personal interest in mind
can be because of external , or personal interest in mind ( get money or pujian )
Altruism
purely out of the desire to help other in need
truly out of kindness without reward
more specific
all prosocial are prosocial, but not all prosocial are altruism
Motives of Prosocial
behavior
Evolutionary Psychology
tracing back to genes (Charles Darwin Theory)
Kin Selection (Theory)
we involve with to make sure our self survive
we will help our family first than anyone else
we naturally do this
behavior that help a genetic relative are favoured by natural
we adapted to environment
Reciprocity Norm
expectation
like when someone help us it might be that someday we will be the same, help others too
will feel a gratitude that is positive feeling.
will motivated other to help others again
Group selection
similar to Kin Selection
differ on selection group
only help others mainly because of survival only
Social Exchange
social exchange theory
state that people weight the cost after help others
if reward is more that cost, we will help others
Reward of helping
an investment
relieve personal stress
will akan bersalah kalau tak tolong someone
costs of helping
prone to danger
too much time
cost of helping
Empathy & Altruism
'Empathy-altruism hypothesis'
suggest by C.Daniel Batson
will help other with pure altruistic when we felt sorry about them
if the rewarded are higher, we will help them , but when the cost are higher we will not
Personal Qualities & Prosocial Behavior
Individual differences
some people had more altruistic than other
however personality is not the full picture in determining helpfulness
Gender differences
both men and women are helpful but differ in may ways
men more to involve risking their live, such as saving a child in crossing road
women more to 'kesedaran" to others
Cultural differences
more likely to help an in-group person rather than helping an out-group person
cultures that value simpatia have higher helping percentages
one cultures that 'mengangkat tinggi' one person that value simpatia
more percentage in helping
Religion
people are more likely to help who are in the same belief
but its not entirely true
felt the same feeling, so we will help others
Mood
effect of mood in prosocial behavior
feel good, do good
felt influence to people to do good deeds
prolonging the good mood
help us loo in the brighter side of life
as human we will want to make a good deeds
feel bad, do good
sadness can lead people to do good as it helps them feel better
most people when felt sad, they will help other because its make us felt better in self
Situational Determinants
Environment
Rural
more likely to help others
keep to ourselve to avoid being overwhelmed
the environment that itself that 'pengaruh kita untuk tak tolong others'
Urban
less likely to help others
related to Millgram 'Urban overload hypothesis
Residential mobility
people that stay in one place more likely to help other because had greater attachment
will more likely to help other
Number of bystander
the greater the number of bystander on emergency, the less likely anyone to help
five step in emergency intervention
noticing an event
also influence by whether in hurry or not
interpreting the event as an emergency
is it an emergency or not, so we see other people reactions to determine our own
tak jangka yang berlaku tu emergency atau tak, mungkin just berehat kalau tengok budak berbaring tengah mall,
see other reaction first before act
assuming responsibility
more peole less help
knowing how to help
must know how to help in order to help others
call ambulance when someone got a heart attack
deciding to implement the help
when we go through all the step, are we 'mampu' to help
Effects of the media
increase people's empathy toward those in need
using music that promotes prosocial behavior
increasing the accessibility to prosocial thought
more knowledge about prosocial
Promoting Prosocial
increase likelihood of bystander intervention
increase the awareness on bystander intervention
when we see other not helping, we tend to not help
so we must remind our self that when there's no one help, we must help
more likely to help others when we overcomes our feeling takut nak tolong orang, but when we success in help other , we felt good
increase volunteerism
more people will help when involve in volunteer
such as in college, we tend to help when we must to that task
over justification effect
must volunteer to graduate, but in future we will not help other anymore
positive psych & Prosocial behavior
we focus on the qualities of the person
helping behavior depends on situation rather than personality
(according to social psych)
its more important that focus on conditions where to people help or not
Prosocial said that atriums is based on environment