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Unit 7: Computer Technologies In Healthcare, Also known as robotically…
Unit 7: Computer Technologies In Healthcare
Overview of technology in healthcare
Healthcare, an organized provision of medical care to individual and communities
Computer technologies used to improve
:
healthcare delivery and accessibility
Patient care and safety
the relationship between healthcare providers and patient
Disease and outbreak control
Healthcare software/applications
AI in healthcare
Used to mine and manage data of this size,
in a short time to produce valuable information that can:
a. Improve patient care
b. Making decisions
c. Proper diagnosis
d. Developing new drugs
e. Management of healthcare facilities
Example of AI use to mine and
manage medical data
a. Tempus
b. KenSci
c. Proscia
d. H20.ai
e. IBM Watson
f. ICarbonX
Example AI to predict and diagnose diseases
a. BioXcel Therapeutics
b. BERG
c. XtalPI
d. Atomwise
e. Deep Genomics
f. BenevolentAI
Example of AI to detect breast cancer:
a. Google Health AI
b. Detection of Lymph Node Metastases
Example of robot scientist in healthcare:
a. Adam the robot scientist
b. Eve (Adam's robot friend)
Example of AI for better management of patient flow in healthcare facilities:
a. Olive
b. Qventus
c. Babylon Interactive
d. CloudMedX
e. Clevelend Clinic+IBM
f. John Hopkins+GE
Example of AI assist in surgeries:
a. Vicarious Surgical
b. Auris Health
c. Accuray
d. Da Vinci
e. Heartlander
f. Microsure
g. Mazor Robotics
Healthcare
dashboards
A healthcare dashboard is a modern
an analytics tool that enables healthcare professionals to access important information in real-time
Example of dashboards:
a. Hospital KPI dashboard
b. Patient satisfaction dashboard
c. Hospital performance dashboard
d. Infectious disease dashboard
Example of the dashboard show how infectious
disease such as COVID-19 spreading around the world:
a. John Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering
b. The Wuhan Virus
c. HealthMap
d. UpCode
e. NextStrain
Disease modelling & outbreak predictions
Using computer technology and data to predict when where disease outbreaks might occur.
The modelling and prediction are done using different variables:
a. wind direction
b. rainfall
c. Thunderstorms
d. Solar radiation
e. Construction sites
f. Altitude
For control and eradication of infectious diseases:
a. Dengue
b. Malaria
c. HFMD
d. Rabies
e. Influenza
Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) Project:
Function:
A tool designed to help scientists and public health officials create and use spatial and temporal models of emerging infectious diseases.
Bioinformatics
Also known as computational biology, computational genomics, genomic data science
Use computer technology for studying genome (the genetics material of living organisms), which leads to advancement in heatlhcare
Examples of software:
a. Sequence search software
b. Sequence analysis software
c. Structure prediction software
d. Genetic engineering software
e. Biology visualization software
f. Mass spectrometry software
g. Structural biology software
h. Molecular imaging/prediction program
M-Health
Is short for mobile health
It is the medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices
a. Smartphone
b. Patient monitoring devices
c. Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
d. Other wireless devices
e. Tablets
f. Wearables
g. Wireless infrastructure
M-health applications:
a. Education and awareness
b. Diagnostic and treatment support
c. Disease and epidemic outbreak tracking
d. Healthcare supply chain manager
e. Remote data collection
f. Remote monitoring
g. Healthcare worker telecommunication and training
h. Telehealth & telemedicine
i. Chronic disease management.
Benefits:
a. help people stick to their medication regimen by tracking pills they have and have not taken
b. Prompting them to take a certain drug (medicine)
c. Allowing them to log any symptoms
d. Connect a patient with their healthcare provider to improve ease and speed of contact
e. the decline of paper-based communication and documentation filing
Wearable technology in healthcare
Worn on or in the body
Used to track wearer's vital signs, or health and fitness related data, location
Wearable tech provides added value diagnosis, treatment, patient monitoring and preventation
Healthcare IoT
Also known as Interner of Medical Things (IoMT)
Consist of medical devices and applications connected to healthcare IT systems via the internet
Example:
a. Remote patient monitoring
b.Sensor-enable hospital beds and infusion pumps
c. Medication-tracking systems
3D printing
Also known as addictive manufacturing
Can be used to create
a. tissues and organoids
b. Surgical tools
c. Patient-specific surgical models
d. Customs-made prosthetics
3D printing of items to fight COVID-19
a. Ventilator valves
b. Masks
c. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Electronic health/medical records
Using computers and mobile devices to maintain and access patient records
Input data such as vital signs, weight. test results, etc, into a central digital system
Electronic records can be used for
a. Schedule appointments
b. Update patients records
c. Submit medical claims
d. Keep track of patient history in a systematic way
Health information system
Information system designed to manage healthcare data
Collect, store, manage and transmits patients electronic health/medic records, hospital's operational management system or healthcare policy decision system
Example of HIS:
a. Patient portal
b. Practice management system
c. Clinical decision support system
d. E-prescription
e. Hospital management system
Medical imaging technologies
To creating visual representations of human body's interior
Reveals the internals structures of human body that naked and cannot be see
The information used to diagnose, monitor and treat medical conditions-for clinical analysis and medical intervention
Medical imaging technologies:
a. CT scan
b. MRI
c. Diagnostic ultrasound
d. Digital mammography
Computer-assisted surgeries
Also known as Computer-aided surgery, computer-assisted intervention, image-guided surgery, surgical navigator
Used for pre-operative planning, surgical navigation and assist in performing surgical products
Can be used for:
a. neurosurgery
b. oral and maxillofacial surgery, implantology
c. Orthopedic surgery
d. Visceral surgery
e. Cardiac interventions
f. radiosurgery
Telehealth & telemedicine
Telehealth
Broad range of technologies and services to provide patient care and improve healthcare delivery system as a whole
Examples:
a. Virtual home health care
b. Remote non-clinical services
Telemedicine
Practice of providing care for patients remotely and remote diagnosis treatment of patients using telecommunications technology
Examples:
a. Telestroke
b. Mayo Clinic
Enriching medical education
Serious games for medical training
Usage of virtual reality/augmented reality for medical education
Health informatics
Interdisciplinary field that applies IT to enhance healthcare delivery, support biomedical research and foster education of health professionals and the public
Aims to support prevention, treatment, and management of illness and promote health and wellbeing through the services offered by all health professions
Other software/applications
Computerized tomography (CT scan)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Diagnostic ultrasound
Digital mammography
Robotic surgery
Laparoscopy
Computer-aided surgical simulation
Computer-guided implantology
Issues and challenges
Not user friendly/user frustration
Poor support
Slow technical support
Slow/poor connection
Isolated system
Budget limitation
Also known as robotically-assist surgery (RAS)
Also known as sonography or diagnostic medical sonography
Planning of dental implant placement
Virtual 3D model for surgeon to assess and establish diagnostics
Combines a series of X-Ray images taken from different angles around the human body
To create detailed images of the organs and tissues within human body
A medical imaging technique that X-Ray to examine the breast for cancer detection
The surgical technique used to examine organs inside a patient abdomen