Marxism
-Bourdieu: Argues that the creation of high and popular cultures lies with those in power. He argues that those who have power and control can decide what is in high culture and popular culture

-Adorno: The masses are socialised to be preoccupied with trivial matters, so they are distracted from social concerns. Adorno is a Marxist and argues that popular culture is there to distract us from more pressing social and political matters

Marxism
-Leavis: Found that individuals with elite ascribed status have access to leisure pursuits and activities that those with low status don't

-Strinati: The media creates popular culture and is breaking down the barriers as the masses are starting to access high culture. This means that high culture becomes more accessible on TV and more people can take part

-Ritzer: McDonaldisation, the world has become a big fast-food chain, everything looks the same

-Giddens: Believes in Americanisation where everything is American. Giddens discusses the various forces that help create a global culture which includes: Global economy and Global citizens

-Johal: Brasian culture, Mix of Asian and British. Traditional aspects of Asian culture was mixed with British values

-Nayak: White Wannabe's, Males who adopt lifestyle + language of black culture.

-Barker: Argues that this is the way in which difference is celebrated and promoted in society

-Postmodernists: Argue that society is becoming more diverse, and people have the ability to construct their own identity that is not based on any grand narrative

Socialised
-Willis: Young boys are socialised by the family into accepting their role in society to be in shop floor jobs and to lack aspiration
-Postman: Childhood is shrinking due to media access for young children. They have more access to adult content
-Palmer: Toxic childhood due to toxic parenting, means children lack face to face with parents and the media and TV has replaced parents

Socialised
-Rich: Family socialises women into compulsory heterosexuality

-Batchelor: Media underrepresents or does so in a stereotypical way
-Gauntlett: Sexuality in the media is becoming more equal and accepted

Not Socialised
-Turing's Law: Removed any criminal convictions for homosexuality
-2014 same-sex marriage: Turned legal
-2010 Equality Act: Protected characteristics

Theories such as functionalism, New Right, Feminism and Marxism

Status can be individual or a group. It can be based on your social position or ranking within society. Status is based on the evaluation of social differences and how someone is perceived by others. Possible to be of high and low status at the same time or individually

A role is a 'pattern of behaviour'; routines or responses acted out in everyday life that are expected of a person or group of people in different positions. Individuals and groups all perform social roles. We all play different roles in our lifetime, with all roles carrying certain expectations positions in society.

Socialised
-Sancho: Media gaze on disability, media portrays disabled people as needing more help and are different or unable
-Zola: The language used to determine disability identity like DISabled or DEformed
-Goffman: Learned helplessness and labelling

Not socialised
-Murgami: Disabled people construct their own identity and reject negative and stereotypical labels
-Shakespeare: Medical model - Society sees disability as an issue to be fixed, a problem that needs sorting

Not socialised
-Polemus: Supermarket of style, young people do not have a fixed identity and can pick and choose
-Maffesoli: Youth is a period of fluid identity without set subcultures meaning it is not something we can clearly identify with
-Mods: Are not limited to the youth period in life and many people retain membership and their style through adult life