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Spain: dictatorship and democracy - Coggle Diagram
Spain: dictatorship and democracy
The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
Reforms
Foreign policy
The dictatorship won a definitive victory in the war in Morocco
The economy
A plan was implemented to build large public works
State monopolies were also set up
Domestic policy
The Patriotic Union became the official party of the dictatorship
Re-establish order by eradicating terrorism, nationalism and suppressing demonstrations
People opposed him
The army
Because merit was rather than seniority
Political parties
Because they wanted to restore a parliamentary system
The Second Spanish Republic (14 April 1931)
The left-wing or reformist biennium
Government made up of republicans
Manuel Azaña became head of the government
Both write a new Constitution (1931)
Niceto Alcalá Zamora was named president of the Republic
New reforms
Agricultural reform
Land was divided among landless peasants
Large agricultural estates were expropriated
Labour reforms
Labour Contracts forced business owners to negotiate working conditions
Established
A minimum wage and paid holidays
The eight-hour working day was established
Military reforms
Prioritised promotion on academic qualifications rather than military achievements
Reduced the excessive number of army officers
Educational reforms
Pedagogical missions were created
Free education system was established
Territorial reforms
Process of autonomy was begun for País Vasco and Galicia
Cataluña was given a statute of autonomy
Consequences of the reforms
Provoked an attempted military coup
The centre-right biennium
Alejandro Lerroux, new head of government
With CEDA led by Gil Robles suspended the last reforms
October Revolution
Cataluña
Political revolution
Lluis Companys proclaimed a Catalan state
Asturias
Social revolution
The miners proclaimed a revolutionary government
The Popular Front
Left-wing parties formed a coalition
Casares Quiroga became head of the government
Manuel Azaña became the president of the Republic
Two sides
Right-wing
Parties
Spanish Falange
Radical Party
National Block
PNV
Lliga Catalana
Coalition of parties
CEDA
Supported by army, landowners, church
Left-wing
Supported by intellectuals, workers, peasants
Parties
PSOE: Socialists
PCE: Communists
Esquerra Republicana Catalana (ERC)
Izquierda Republicana
Trade Unions
CNT and FAI: anarchists.
UGT: Socialists.
Coalition of parties
Popular Front
The Spanish Civil War
The two sides and the international support
Nationalists
Portugal and Ireland supplied volunteers
Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
Republicans
The International Brigades were military units of voluntary civilian anti-fascists
Mexico sent food and healthcare supplies
Stalinist USSR supported a workers' revolution
Characteristics of the two zones
Nationalist zone
Under the control of General Francisco Franco
Republican zone
The different revolutionary groups
Authority was split between the central government
Reasons for the outbreak of the war
Rebellion in Morocco against the government of the Republic
To end left-wing government reforms
The landowners were discontent with expropriation of their lands
Business owners opposed the labour reforms
The church was opposed to the secularisation of education
The army were unhappy with their loss of political power
End the Republic and re-establish the political and social order
To end public disorder
Fear of a working class revolution in Spain, establish a communist regime
The development of the war
Northern campaign
Franco wantedto take Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco
Battle of the Ebro
Republicans began battle of Ebro to stop Nationalist advance
March to Madrid
Nationalists tried to occupy Madrid
Were defeated in the battles of Jarama and Guadalajara
The end of the war
Nationalist army took Madrid
The consequences of the civil war
Demographic
Reduce the population drastically
Economic
Economic losses were high due to
Transport systems
Industrial areas and houses
Destruction of infrastructure
Cultural
Ideological repression was implemented
Political
Authoritarian regime was set up
