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The Earth - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Mount St Helen’s
      - They are formed when molten magma emerges or erupts through a hole in the crust called a vent
      - Vent
        
        An opening in the crust
      - Lava
        
        Magma when it reaches the surface
      - Volcanic pipe
        
        When a cone is formed out of ash, cooled lava, rock ect, the magma flows up a volcanic pipe
      - Magma chamber
        
        A chamber that magma is stored and builds up in
      - Crater
        
        The opening at the top of a volcano that lava flows out
    - - Anticline
        
        Unfolds in the rock
      - Syncline
        
        Downfolds in the rock
      - Caledonian folding period
        
        A folding period that took place around 400 million years ago
      - When two plates collide, the pressure forces the rock to crumple upwards in a series of folds.
      - Amorican folding period
        
        A folding period that took place around 250 million years ago. Most Irish mountains were created during this folding
      - The Andes mountains in South America
      - Alpine folding period
        
        A folding period that took place around 30-35million years ago
      - The Himalayas in Asia
  - - - See transform plate boundary for more information
      - Japan 2011 (tsunami and earthquake)
    - - A huge wave / series of waves
        
        Can get to a height of 60m
      - Usually caused by earthquakes
      - Japan 2011 (tsunami and earthquake)
      - Rolling waves
        
        a long heavy sea wave as it advances towards the shore
      - Can travel at speeds up to 800km per hour
      - They lose very little energy as they travel
- - - - Plates move along this.
      - San Andreas fault
  - - - An event where the ground would shake for no longer than a minute, however, there are exceptions.
      - Nepal 2015
      - Epicentre
        
        The point where the earthquake occurs on the earths surface. It is above the focus .
      - Focus
        
        The place where the earthquakes originates in the crust.
      - Aftershocks
        
        Tremors after the main event. Aftershocks can be worse than the actual earthquake
      - Tremors
        
        A slight earthquake
      - Shockwaves
        
        High pressure being suddenly releases causing a wave of shock.
      - Richter scale
        
        A machine used to identify the magnitude of an earthquake. The scale is from 1 to 10 in steps of 0.1.
      - Seismograph
        
        A machines that measures the tremors caused by an earthquake.
- - - - Hawaii
      - a high island or volcanic island is an island of volcanic origin
      - Created by cooled lava
    - - See in destructive plate boundary for more information
      - Mount Etna
      - Ash,gas,molten rock,mud ect creates the cone (key structure) of this feature
    - - Iceland
      - Mid-Atlantic ridge
      - An underwater mountain range
- - - - Constructive plate boundary
        
        North American and Eurasian
      - Transform plate boundary
        
        Pacific and North American
      - Destructive plate boundary
        
        Nazca and South American
    - - The theory that all the continents started as one large land mass but eventually broke apart due to convection currents
      - Pangea
        
        The big landmass that was made up of all the present day continents. It was present around 250 million years ago.
  - - - Magma is present here
        
        Semi molten hot rock
      - The second hottest layer of the Earth (approximately 4000°C)
      - Convection currents
        
        The circular motion of lava that causes the plates to move.
      - The crust floats on this layer
    - - The Earths skin
      - The layer we humans and other beings walk on
      - The shallowes layer of the Earth (60km under the continents and 10km under the ocean)
      - It is made of solid rock.
    - - The hottest layer of the Earth (over 5000°C)
      - At the centre of the Earth
      - Inner core
        
        Solid as it is under so much pressure
        
        Dense
      - Outer core
        
        Liquid