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Authoritarianism and totalitarianism - Coggle Diagram
Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
The USSR: Stalinism
Economy was planned and controlled by the state
Introduced a series of five-year plans to
Nationalisation of existing industries
Construction of hydraulic works
Collectivisation of land
By expropriation of property by force
Forced obligation of the workers to cultivate the land collectively
Two places
Kolkhoz
Land owned by collective or cooperative, workers received part of harvest as a wage
Sovkhoz
Land was owned by state and workers were paid a wage
Social equality
Political power held by Stalin
Approved the Constitution of 1936
Maintained the CPSU as the only political party
Gained control of the CPSU
Spread communism across Europe through the Komintern
Propaganda and repression
Reinforced his own power through
Repression
Propaganda that portrayed him as the saviour of patriotism
Carried out various purges
Nazi Germany
Adolf Hitler
Leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSGWP)
Based on rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
Established a dictatorship
Great economic development
He was extremely anti-Semitic
Third Reich
Expansionist policy to recover German territories
Nazi Party the only legal political party
Italian fascism
Benito Mussolini
Formed the National Fascist Party
Forced the government to step down
Tansformed the democratic state into a dictatorship
Government intervention in the economy
An autarky was set up
Mussolini's social policies put an end to the unrest
Politics
Only one political party
ransferred all power to himself
Transferred all power to himself
Created the first Fasci combat groups (Blackshirts)
Paramilitary group with an ultranationalist ideology
Authoritarian and totalitarian regimes
Factors which contributed
The war aroused nationalist feeling
Power of the state increased due to
Sate intervention in economy and society during the crisis of 1929
First World War established habits of military organisation
New parties were formed that represented working masses
Common characteristics
Foreign policy
Gain new territories
Gain new markets and raw materials
Economy
State intervened in and controlled the economy
Companies were nationalised
Public works programmes were set up
Politics
Authoritarian dictatorship
Anti-democratic government
No freedom
Society
Almost all the classes of society supported
Methods to safeguard their power
Culture
A policy of repression
Propaganda
Violence
Democracies and authoritarian regimes in the inter-war
Differences between authoritarian ideologies
Right-wing authoritarian regimes came to power in Germany and Italy
A left-wing totalitarian regime came to power in the USSR.
Differences between democracies and authoritarian regimes
Authoritarian regimes
One political party
Social inequality (elites and racism)
Rights were given to groups, not to individuals
Democracies
A number of political parties
All citizens are equal
Individual rights and liberties are guaranteed
