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End of Cold War & Rise of Human Rights, Is the era of human rights…
End of Cold War & Rise of Human Rights
Questions
Are development and global justice at odds with each other?
Would the 2003 Iraq war have been just, had it been authorized by the UN Security Council?
Can violence be an effective tool of liberation?
Has the UN been an instrument of international justice or international inequality?
Has the UN charter's ban on the use of force in international relations been effective?
Can international justice avoid being politicised?
Does the International Criminal Court have the potential to enforce human rights impartially?
Is human rights' universalism its strength or its weakness?
Is the War on Terror gendered?
Does international law entrench the power of men?
'we cannot study international relations today without understanding yesterday's international relations'. Assess the validity of this statement.
'since established democracies do not fight each other, promoting democracy abroad offers the surest path to perpetual peace'. Do you agree with this statement?
'the issue is emphatically not whether one favors 'justice' for international wrongdoers, but whether the ICC- with its inherent illegitimacy- could ever be the right vehicle for the job.' (John Bolton, Former United States Ambassador to the UN) Do you agree with Bolton's assessment of the ICC?
Themes
'hot' cold war
what really changed for the nations who were experiencing violence in their countries
long-lasting war legacies
International Organisations
UN founded w/ 51 members in 1945
103 in 1961, 147 in 1976, with Africa forming the largest regional block
modern sovereign state clearly regarded as next step post decolonisation
new, Western world order
socialism dead
capitalism, rise of an economic liberal international order
supposed rise of liberal values, led by US e.g. democracy, human rights
sovereignty
did it really exist for the post-colonial states
still infringed upon for ideological reasons
international gurantees?
human rights overrides
Human rights
incompatible or guaranteed by sovereignty?
UN charter: 'to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights and the dignity and worth of the person'
Thinkers
Michael Ignatieff
'naming and shaming for human rights abuses now have real consequences as do the instruments set up to punish perpetrators'
'human rights have gone global not because they serve the powerful but because they serve the interests of the powerless'
Tony Blair
Lila Abu-Lughod
Examples
ICC in Uganda
death penalty violates Article 3 of the Universal Declaration
Tony Blair speech
UN Charter signed at UN Conference on International Organization in SF in 1945
1945: 51 UN members, 1961: 103, 1976: 147, Africa largest regional block
1415: Portugal in Ceuta, 1420: Portugal in Madeira
Latin American debt crisis and Washington Consensus
1993: International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia, 1994: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Is the era of human rights over?