2) Sustainability of Innovation.
-Contribution in surgical instrument: Al-Zahrawi's treatments and instruments still be used until now.

3) Alternative methods of disease treatment.
-Application of music therapy: Music therapy helps to cure people with anxiety also hot-tempered person.

1) Leading ta a better society.
-Advancement of medicine from Al-Zahrawi: Translation of kitab Al-Tasrif (encyclopedia of medical practice into Latin).

• Many hospitals were established to provide services to the community to achieve a better level of health
• Various treatment method are also use to treat patients including music therapy methods that are widely used in treating mental patients.
  (Ibnu Sina, Al-Razi, Al-Zahrawi)

• many observatory were developed as well as astronomical instrument
  (Al-Battani, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Ibn al-Haytham)

• Many innovations are done by scholars. Eg: the creation of automatic waterpump, elephant clock
  (Al-Jazari, Banu Musa ibn Shakir)

• We have many beautiful buildings. Eg: Alhambra Palace
• Acoustic system such as dome act as sound collector and amplifiers serves as a speaker
  (Abu Hanifa Dinawari)

• Translation activity shows the greatness of the scholars at that time as they mastered for two languages.
• Sometimes more than 1 translator is needed for translation activity.
  

      For example, from Greek to Hindi then to Arabic
  

• Translators were rewarded based on the weight of the translated works
  

      Some translator translated one word on one page to increase the weight of the translated works.
  

• The different types of translation activities
  

      - Greek civilization to the Arabic civilization
      - Indian civilization to Arabic civilization
      - Persian civilization to Arabic civilization
  

• The main requirement of translation activity is mastering different languages such as the original language and the targeted language of the context
• Translation activity is a lucrative source of income
• The monthly income of translation activity is about 500 dina per month
  
  
  

Advancement in science and technology during earlier civilization

India
-knows about maths
-have their own number system (Brahmic and kharostic scripts)
-have their own astronomical encyclopedia
-advanced in medic

Greek
-have their own number system (ironic numerals)

Persian
-intelectual center

• Abu Jafar al-Mansur- First ruler to approach astronomer and serve for palace
• Use the view of an astronomer in smoothing the administration

• Sultan Muhammad Al-Fateh hired Roman scientist to teach him Geography
• Give encouragement for translation
• Provide special place to save manuscripts

• Rewards scholar who translate from other languages to Arabic language

• Translation activity takes very long time
• Around 300 years according to the research

• Establishment of academics
• Not only for translation activity but also for collecting and preserving manuscripts

• The only language used in the entire Islamic Empire

• Egypt, export weeds to generate more income
• Development causes landlord interested in getting more yield
• Hence, they will hire scientist to help them

~ Prior to the fourteenth century
~ Science did exist, but studies were more solitary and isolated

~ Occur between Islam against Christianity for centuries
~ European army was technologically behind compared to Islam, finance, medical technology, etc.

~ Arabic-to-European translation Latin (Early stages)
~ 16th-century France
~ 18th-century German
~ 19th-century English (19th century)

~ European societies didn't embrace Islamic science.
~ Science was filtered.
~ They create their own scientific and educational institutions.