Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Language - Coggle Diagram
Language
Components
Phonology
- Sounds
- Phoneme: unit of sound
- e.g. 'ay', 'a'
- e.g. consonant then vowel in English
- e.g. clicks in African languages
Morphemes
- Meaningful unit - words & word parts
- e.g. 'book', 's', 'un'
Syntax
- Structure / order of words
- e.g. N V N in English, vs NNV in Japanese
- e.g. O V S in NW Mexcian language
- e.g. 2 mw N in Chinese vs 2 N 's' in English
- e.g. free word order in AA English
Semantics
- Meaning of sentences
- Relationship between words & what they stand for
- e.g. deadly (vs AA English)
- e.g. deaf (vs AUSLAN)
Pragmatics
- How context & other info changes from literal meaning
- e.g. do you have the time, conversation starting / ending, swear words
Humans vs animals
Non-human communication
Barriers
- Chimps/gorillas: no vocal cords
- Sign language at 3yo level
Communicate via
- Sound, pheromones/smells, visual displays
- e.g. bee dance
Unique to humans
Uses
- Social life
- Problem solving
- Memory
- Creative activity
- Thought
Differences
Productivity
- Animals: directions for food, asking for things
- Humans: many uses - share ideas, for fun
Complexity
- Animals: few words
- Humans: long sentences, several languages
Structure
- Animals: sounds, smells, visual
- Humans: words
Acquisition
- Animals: taught sign language
- Humans: learn without trying
Applied
AUSLAN
- Natural language (not based on spoken English)
- Handshape, location, movement, orientation
Aboriginal Australian English
- Has free word order
- Long silences
-
-