Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Authoritarianism and totalitarianism - Coggle Diagram
Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
factors contributed to the rise of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes
new parties were formed that represented the working masses
the war had aroused nationalist feeling
this was reinforced by
the economic crisis of 1929
the implementation of protectionist policies
the First World War had established habits of military organisation
any soldiers found it difficult to adapt to civilian life after they returned from the war
the power of the state increased with state intervention in economy and society
during the crisis of 1929
THE USSR: STALINISM
was the system of totalitarian government which was established in the USSR
characteristics
the economy was planned and controlled by the state
means of production became state property
introduced a series of five-year plans which aimed to achieve the rapid industrialisation of the USSR
objectives
collectivisation of land by expropriation of property by force and forced obligation of the workers to cultivate the land collectively
nationalisation of existing industries and investment in and creation of heavy industry
the construction of hydraulic works to increase the production of electricity needed to supply industry
all political power was held by Stalin
approved the Constitution of 1936, which granted citizens' rights such as universal suffrage
maintained the CPSU as the only political party
he set up a system in which the party leaders ran the country
tried to spread communism across Europe through the Komintern
Stalin aimed to establish
guaranteeing healthcare
education
social equality
housing for all citizens
characteristics
Politics
the government was an authoritarian dictatorship
there was a charismatic leader who possessed absolute political power and a single political party which supported him
it was therefore an anti-democratic government in which there were no
political parties
trade unions
free elections
Foreign policy
these regimes pursued an expansionist foreign policy to gain new
territories
raw materials
markets
Economy
the state intervened in and controlled the economy
companies were nationalised
railways
mines
banks
Society
almost all the classes of society supported the regime
ITALIAN FASCISM
was the system of authoritarian government established by Benito Mussolini in Italy
the situation led to the creation of the Fasci who with the support of the business owners, helped maintain order in the streets
following their success Benito Mussolini created the first Fasci combat groups
Mussolini formed the National Fascist Party
in 1921
in 1922
fustrated by the government's inability to end social unrest
Mussolini led the March on Rome, which forced the government to step down
the king asked Mussolini to form a government
Mussolini transformed the democratic state into a dictatorship with the following measures
government intervention in the economy was established
particularly after the economic crisis of 1929
an autarky was set up, and mines and the arms industry were nationalised
Mussolini's social policies put an end to the unrest
because he removed workers' rights
he indoctrinated the population through
the education system
he increased the birth rate by offering subsidies to large families
in politics
he transferred all power to himself
in 1926
was the leader of the only political party, head of the government and head of the army
parliament was replaced by the Chamber of Fascists, made up of the supporters of the regime.
NAZI GERMANY
was the system of dictatorship established by Adolf Hitler in Germany
the humiliation Germans felt over the territorial and economic conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles
Adolf Hitler became the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party
in 1921
their political programme was based mainly on the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles.
after winning the elections
in 1933
Hitler was named Chancellor and established a dictatorship
adopted the following measures
in 1934
he was proclaimed head of state
he established the Third Reich
the Nazi Party became the only legal political party and persecuted anyone who opposed it
in foreign policy
Hitler began an expansionist policy to recover German territories lost in the First World War
there was great economic development
unemployment fell due to a programme of public works and the development of the arms industry
he believed that the German Aryan race was superior to other races
was extremely anti-Semitic
during the 1930s German Jews were persecuted by the regime