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AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM, image, image, image, image, image,…
AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM
factors
established habits of military organisation
aroused nationalist feeling
power of the state increased
new parties were formed
NAZI GERMANY
was the system of dictatorship established by Adolf Hitler in Germany
triumph of totalitarianism in Germany
humiliation Germans felt over the territorial and economic conditions
1921
Adolf Hitler became the leader of the NSGWP
1933
winning the elections Hitler was named Chancellor
measures
1934
proclaimed head of state
established the Third Reich
Nazi Party became the only legal political party
foreign policy, Hitler began an expansionist policy
great economic development
Unemployment fell due to a programme of public works
Hitler believed that the German Aryan race was superior
was extremely anti-Semitic
THE USSR: STALINISM
system of totalitarian government which was established in the USSR
characteristics
all political power was held by Stalin
approved the Constitution of 1936
maintained the CPSU as the only political party
tried to spread communism across Europe
economy
planned and controlled by the state
Stalin introduced a series of five-year plans
collectivisation of land by expropriation of property
Kolkhoz, the land was owned by the collective or cooperative, and the workers received part of the harvest as a wage
Sovkhoz, the land was owned by the state and the workers were paid a wage
nationalisation of existing industries and investment in and creation of heavy industry
Stalin aimed to establish social equality
characteristics
Politics
government was an authoritarian dictatorship
anti-democratic government
Foreign policy
regimes pursued an expansionist foreign policy
Economy
state intervened in and controlled the economy
Society
classes of society supported the regime
ITALIAN FASCISM
was the system of authoritarian government established by Benito Mussolini
constitutional monarchy
Victor Emmanuel III was badly affected by the post-war economic crisis
1919
Benito Mussolini created the first Fasci combat groups
1921
Mussolini formed the National Fascist Party
October 1922, frustrated by the government's inability to end social unrest
measures
economy
Government intervention in the economy was established
autarky was set up
social
Mussolini's social policies put an end to the unrest
indoctrinated the population
increased the birth rate
politics
1926, he transferred all power to himself
All other parties were prohibited
Parliament was replaced by the Chamber of Fascists
