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SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND DEMOCRACY, image, image, image, image, image,…
SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND DEMOCRACY
DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA (Right-wing)
Coup d'etat
Aldonso XII accepted
Primo de Rivera became president
the dictatorship was supported by almost everyone
New measures
domestic policy
Patriotic Union became the only party
erradication of terrorism, nationalism and demonstrations
suppression of demonstrations
Foreign policy
victory in morocco
increased dictatorships prestige
Economy
large public works
state monopolies
Compañia Telefonica
(1924)
CAMPSA
(1927)
SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
STAGES
Left wing biennium
(1931-1933)
After elections
(1931)
Zamora became president and Azaña head of the government
Reforms
Territory
Cataluña, Galicia and Pais Vasco were given autonomy
Military
reduction of officers
academic qualifications had more prestige than military achievements
Agriculture
land was expropiated
slow implementations
Labour
8 hour working day
minimum wage
Educational
secular and mixed gender
compulsory but free
Centre right biennium
(1933-1936)
Zamora continued being president and Lerroux became head of the government
October Revolution against new government
The army intervened and the revolution ended
all reforms were abolished
POPULAR FRONT
(1936)
Azaña became president and Quiroga head of government
All reforms were resumed again
many protests happened
(Falangists against extreme left wing groups)
RIGHT WING AGAINST LEFT WING
Right wing
army, landowners and church
CEDA
Falange, PNV, National Block...
Left wing
Popular Front
PSOE, PCE, ERC..
intellectuals, workers and peasants
UGT and CNT
SPANISH CIVIL WAR
REASONS
reason
conservative groups led a rebellion in Morocco against the government
aims of the rebellion
end public disorder
end left wing reforms
establish political and social order
SUPPORT ON TWO SIDES
Republicans
(Manuel Azaña)
stalin
international Brigades
Mexico
Nationalists
(Francisco Franco)
Nazi and Fascist
Portugal
Ireland
DEVELOPMENT AND CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
Development
March to Madrid
Franco tried to occupy Madrid but were defeated
Northern campaign
Pais Vasco, Asturias and Cantabria were Nationalist objective
Battle of Ebro
Republicans wanted to stop nationalist from getting into Cataluña
End of war
(1939)
Nationalists took Madrid
Consequences
authoritarian regime was set up
huge economic losses due to destruction of infrastructure
500.000 people died and 500.000 people were exiled approximately
ideological repression through culture and education
agricultural and industrial decrease
