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Bird, Reptiles, Mammals - Coggle Diagram
Bird
Nervous System
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hawks eyes: straight, detecting prey
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Feathers:
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function: flight, insulation
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contour feathers: that covers the body, wings, and tail of a birds
Barbs: are held together by hooks, and can be rejoined or separated like a teeth of a zipper. Preening can repair those separation. A preen gland secretes oil to cover a birds body, this waterproofs their features
down feathers: soft feathers, beneath contour feathers. they don't have hooks toehold their barbs, this looser structure allows down feathers to trap air for insulation
Respiration:
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bird exhales: oxygen poor air in the anterior air sacs is expelled from the respiratory system and oxygen rich air in the posterior air sacs goes into the lungs
class and diversity:
aves, most diverse of all land vertebrates. Ranges in size
Found in forest, deserts.mountains, and on all sea
Birds and reptiles have `a common ancestor; reptile-like features: amniotic egg, scales covering their leg
bird orders:
piciformes
cavity nesters, a hole in a dead tree
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passerformes
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5000 species: crows, mocking bird
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endothermy:
birds are endotherms, animals that can generate their own body heat by their met.
high metabolic rate generates tons of energy, used for flight and other purposes.
high body temperature enables cells in flight muscles to use energy in muscle contractions during flight
Digestion
absorption of nutrients occur in small intestine with the help of digestive juices from the pancreas and liver
From crop to stomach, and stomach to gizzard: muscular sac that break down the food
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Evolution of Birds:
feathered birdlike dinosaur was discovered in China which supported the claim about how birds evolved from dinosaurs
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Birds, crocodiles, and all dinosaurs are from archosaurs
Circulation:
blood enter the left atrium from the lungs to the left ventricle.From the right atrium to the right ventricle
four chambered hearts, 2 ventricles; help separate oxygen rich from oxygen poor blood
excretion
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kidney filter waste from blood and covert it to uric acid. Water from the uric acid is reabsorbed from the cloaca
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Reptiles
amniotic egg
reptiles, birds, and mammals are all amniotes
as embryos develop, they are surrounded by a membrane called amnion
covered with a protective shell, the shell and membrane protect the egg as it grows
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Nervous system
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snakes flick their tongues to smell odors, odor molecules stick to bis tongue, when a snake pulls its tongue, odor molecules are transferred to a pair of saclike strucre
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Respiration
Inhale by contracting muscles in the chest, which expand your upper body
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Excretion
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when urine enter the cloaca, uric acid is reabsorbed
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Characterstics
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Shelled eggs, scales skin, and more efficient circulatory and respiratory system
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circulation
2 atria, ventricle partially divided by incomplete septum
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digestiive system
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snakes: swallow much larger than them; the bones of the skull and jaw is joined loosely so they can spread up when eating prey, and some use venom to paralyze prey
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ectotherms
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some survive by sitting in the sun <turtle> , burrowing, inactivity.
movement:
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under their bodies like crocodiles, support more weight, move faster
Mammals
Food
insectivores:eats insects, moles
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Respiration
diaphragms:sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
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as diaphragm contacts it flattens, making the chest cavity larger, enabling air to enter the lungs then to blood vessels
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As the diaphragm relaxes, chest cavity largens
Movement
evolved in a variety of limb types to enable to find food, shelter, and escape the predators
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kangaroo leap, foxes run, dolphins swim, bats fly
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Reproduction
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the placenta provides food and oxygen, removes waste
different species have different gestation periods: time for the young to develop in the uterus before its born, the larger mammal the larger gestation period
after birth, offspring drinks milk for nutrition
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circulation
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the blood carrying the oxygen is separated from the clear blood . this makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient
Nervous System
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cerebellum controls balance and coordination. A well developed cerebellum allows mammals to move in complex ways
cereal cortex: highly folded outer layer of cerebrum, the folds increase nerve connections and enable brain to fit in the skull
characteristics
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2 Special things:
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Hair
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Insulation : trap body heat, keep mammal warm
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