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NETWORKS & INTERNET - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A pair of opposites.
      - Two possible states
        
        Binary code
        
        Digital code
        
        AM Radio
        
        FM Radio
      - 8 bits = 1 byte
      - 1000 bytes = 1 kilobyte
      - 1000 kilobyes = 1 megabyte
- - - - Number of bits we can send over a period of time.
    - - The amount of time it takes for one bit to travel from one place to another.
  - - - Cheap
      - Signal loss
  - - - A fiber optic cable is a thread of glass engineered to reflect light.
      - When you send a beam of light down a cable, light bounces up and down until it is received on the other end.
      - Depending on the bounce angle we can actually send multiple bits simultaneously, all of them traveling at a speed of light.
      - Really fast
      - No signal loss
      - Expensive
      - Hard to work with
      - Fragile
  - - - The recieving machine convert it into a binary code again
- - - - Each number is represented in bits.
        
        First--> Country and regional network.
        
        Second--> Subnetworks
        
        Third--> The address of the specific device.
        
        IPv4
        
        4 billion unique addresses
  - - - .com
      - .org
      - .net
    - - Hacker taps into a DNS server and changes it to match a domain name with the wrong IP address.
- - - - It chooses the cheapest available path for each piece of data.
  - - - The network keeps sending packets even if something gone horribly
    - - Manages the sending and receiving of all your data as packets.
- - - - "get" and the name of the document you are requesting.
    - - The language used to communicate between web browsers and servers.
  - - - The language you use to tell the web browser how to make a page look.
    - - What websites use to remember who you are.
      - An ID number that identifies you.
  - - - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
      - HTTPS protocols ensure that your HTTP requests are secure and protected.
  - - - Trusted entities that verify identities of websites and issue certificates for them.
    - - Janky Certificate
- - - - An executable program that gets installed and harms the user and their computer.
      - They lure the victim to install a program with deception about the programs purpose.
      - The software of the computer might have a vulnerability, so the attacker can install itself.
      - Once a virus is on the computer they can steal or delete any files, control programs
      - Digital army = Botnet, used to take down websites.
    - - Distributed Denial Of Service
      - Denial of service = When hackers overwhelm a website with too many requests.
      - When the attack comes from many computers all at once.
    - - Spam email
      - Trick people to share sensitive personal information.
      - A trustworthy email that leads you into a fake website.