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English Enrichment Project T2W7 Public Transport system in Singapore,…

- - - - Hong Kong ranks just slightly lower than Singapore in terms of affordability. Taxi fares are relatively cheap as compared to Singaore taxis. (4 HKD for first 2km)
      - For the MTR, the fare starts from HK$3.2 and depends of the final route. For example: fare from Mongkok to Causeway Bay costs HK$9.9, from Mongkok to Tsim Sha Tsui costs HK$4.6.
      - Trams, though less luxurious and comfortable as other modes of transport, are very cheap to commute it at HK$2.60 per trip.
    - - The MTR trains are fast and beat the traffic jams especially during rush hour. On the most heavily used lines, train frequency could be less than two minutes. Minibuses in Hong Kong really fast and you could be at your destination in no time. Competing alongside the MTR and buses, they could also penetrate places where normal buses couldn’t go, such as rural areas or country parks.
    - - Has a total of 167 MTR (Mass Transit Railway) stations sprawled across HK, and buses in Hong Kong bring you almost everywhere and cover the remaining major areas that the MTR doesn't serve. There are also numerous buses with express sectors, which can act as good alternatives to the MTR.
  - - - This is mainly due to the lack of support from citizens and companies. Most of the transport initiatives, such as introducing road pricing in Singapore, have resulted in many criticisms of both the initiative and the government. This forces the government's hand, preventing them from actually implementing said initiatives due to the fear of not being re-elected.
    - - Hong Kong's geography, with its working district on a separate island than the main residential districts, means that many people flood the public transport networks during peak hours, causing major traffic congestion issues by buses and taxis, especially around the cross-harbour roads. As more and more people need to cross the harbour to get to their workplaces, public transport companies have simply increased their number of buses and taxis, leading to even further traffic congestions.
    - - The main modes of public transportation are buses, taxis, and trains. However, the buses and taxis are of a very model, which is much less fuel-efficient. This causes the vehicles to burn much more fuel than normal and produce a lot of greenhouse gases into the environment, thereby increasing roadside pollution. Along with that, the modes of transportation in Hong Kong get extremely crowded and overwhelmed during peak hours, which forces many people to drive their own vehicles to work, which further adds to the amount of roadside pollution produced.
- - - - Singaporeans wait an average of 12 minutes for buses to arrive,
        and generally has less waiting time as compared to other major cities such as London, Chicago and Los Angeles (20min)
      - Trains take about 1 to 2 minutes to arrive at stations, and takes an average of 3 minutes to travel from one station to another
    - - All MRT and LRT stations are wheel-chair
        accessible, as well as 97% of bus stops
      - Commuters can enter buses and train stations simply by tapping an EZ-Link card or their phone onto gantries, which only takes a few seconds.
      - Today, more than 130 stations across six MRT lines span the island. This 200km system has over three million daily ridership. In addition, there are more than 40 stations across two LRT lines and this 28km system has over 200 thousand daily ridership.
      - Public buses form a significant part of public transport in Singapore, with over 4.0 million rides taken per day on average as of 2018. There are more than 370 scheduled bus services, operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit Singapore and Go-Ahead Singapore, and more than five thousand bus stops islandwide.
    - - Transfers between MRT stations and/or bus stops
        do not require passengers to pay a charge during a journey
      - For MRT and Buses, long distance
        travel fees range from $1 to $2.50
      - Young children/infants below 0.9m in
        height travel free on all modes of public transport
      - Scored 15/20 in terms of
        affordability from a study by McKinsey&Company
  - - - During peak hours, trains and buses may be crammed full of people, which makes getting in and out of trains rather inconvenient. This may also cause some passengers to miss trains due to them not being able to board the train which also delays their travelling time. Furthermore, people who need to sit down due to certain reasons may also not get to do so due to the number of passengers in the train.
    - - Occasional train breakdowns may occur due to a system fault, and when this happens during peak hours, much of the population across the island that takes public transport would be affected by delays in train arrivals.
        
        Solution: perform drills and exercises for staff to learn how to act quickly in the case of a breakdown. Technical faults are extremely difficult to fully prevent due to the large scale of the MRT rail system that snakes throughout most of Singapore, and breakouts are inevitable. Land Transport Authority (LTA) carried out a ground deployment exercise with SMRT to test their incident management plans in the event of a train service disruption, and went through the scenario of a broken rail at Buona Vista Station. Staff were deployed to the five affected stations to assist affected passengers. Through exercises like these, breakdowns will be dealt with in the future with higher efficiency to get everything back in working order as soon as possible.
        
        Train/bus frequently stops at stations to pick and drop commuters off, which further increases travel time. Train/bus will also sometimes not travel in the most direct route to commuters' destinations
        
        Solution:
        Singapore has introduced express buses which are buses that travel at a much faster speed than normal buses. Express buses drop passengers off at the more popular bus stops and take shorter routes to reach destinations.