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WoT 9/11 - Coggle Diagram
WoT 9/11
Impacts for the USA
What changed
In a speech to Congress just a few days after 9/11, Bush Jr declared a “war on terror,” a new guiding principle in US foreign policy which pledged to go to war against terrorism, making no distinction between the terrorists, and the countries that host terrorists.
Transnationalised threat
terrorism wasn’t just a threat to american or western values such as democracy and capitalism but to the international world order as it stood.
Because the terrorism threat is by definition, delocalised and not limited to state boundaries (war in countries we are not at war with), it also brings about the transnationalisation of political threats.
Iran, Iraq, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea as the “axis of evil,” on the grounds that they were harbouring and procuring weapons to terrorists — this expression is similar to that used by Raegan in 1983 to describe the Soviet Union as an “Evil Empire.”
9/11marked the intrinsic intertwining of domestic and foreign policy in that terrorism was now perceived as both an internal and external threat: conflict was defined as both “between states and borderless or globalised phenomena” (Carne Ross, Did 9/11 Change Everything?)
Change in the USA’s approach to global politics because conflicts were no longer thought of as state versus state, but rather as a global threat to the international order.
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Introduction
“There is clearly in our representation of the world a before and after September 11,” said French political scientist Christian Lequesne (scpo)
The acts of violence of 11 September 2001 gave rise to a round of profound re-assessment by analysts of international politics.
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and yet others saw it as entrenching the unequal power relations that had always been present, whether along the lines of colonialism, gender, class, or race.
CL: transition from a “realist world of violence of interests to enter the world of violence of emotions and identities.”
This thesis is comparable to that of other political scientists like of Samuel P. Huntington in The Clash of Civilisations to explain the shifting nature of violence in the 21st century
Having always benefited from the geographical advantage of being surrounded by the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, the USA was in disbelief when it was struck with four spectacular attacks planned by Al-Qaeda terrorists that claimed the lives of almost three thousand people in the span of one day.
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With its promise of ‘infinite justice’, the defense of civilization, and a concern with ungoverned spaces and ‘weak’ and ‘failed’ states, the War on Terror built on many of the discourses and tools of the 1990s.
The violence of 9/11 and the US response shattered many of the images of post-Cold War globalization, stability and progress.
Some argued that 9/11 proved conclusively that global politics was no longer the exclusive domain of states, but rather was defined by broad and conflicting cultural or religious identities.
Others argued, conversely, that 9/11 in fact demonstrated the state’s continuing centrality to international politics, and that we need to look at the recent history of superpower politics and the Cold War itself to understand the attacks.
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