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Deficits with water cycle from physical processes - Coggle Diagram
Deficits with water cycle from physical processes
Causes drought
Meteorological
El NINO Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
variations in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the Equatorial Pacific.
warmer waters cause the Pacific jet stream to move south of its neutral position
shift creates drought in US and Canada and warmer weather
shift of rainfall from Australia can cause drought
Drought definition
Meteorological drought
Long-term precipitation is lower than normal, no consensus of what actually is a deficit of rain that turns into a dry spell. It is region specific as atmospheric conditions that become droughts are different due to climates
Agriculture drough
Soil moisture fails to grow crops due to rain shortages, eveident after meteorological drought
Hydrological drought
Deficiencies in water supplies eg. rivers
Socio-economic drought
Human demand for water exceeds supply
Human activity
Desertification of Sahel
Overabstraction of water-
Population growth- pressure to grow more food, more migrants fleeing to here
Overgrazing-too many goats, sheep and cattle destroy the vegetation cover
Overcultivation- intense use of marginal land exhausts the soil and crops will not grow
Deforestation- trees cut down for fuel, fencing and housing
Australia