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Causes of Migration - Coggle Diagram
Causes of Migration
20th and 21st Century
European Migrants
Refugees
Came as WW2 refugees, 60,000 German Jews before WW2. Polish refugees after Nazi invasion, 114,000 stayed after war to avoid Communism.
By 1950 100,000 Hungarian, Ukrainian, Yugoslavian, Estonians, Lithuanians and Latvians fled Communism.
Irish Migrants
Came to escape poverty and hardship, join existing families in Britain and to find work in cities. By 2001, 10% of British people had Irish parents or grandparents.
Cypriot Migrants
Former British colony after WW1, came to avoid Greek/Turkish ethnic violence in 1950s. Cyprus independent in 1960, Turkish invade half and 70,000 left to come to Britain by 1970s.
Far East Asian Migrants
Leaving poorest areas of old Empire (Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore), by 1961 30,000 migrants. 1997 Hong Kong returned to Communist China 50,000 given British passports. Currently 400,000 British Chinese people.
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European Union Migration
: Increased migration of Europeans from 1970s, when Eastern European countries join in 2004, 600,000 migrate by 2006 due to improved pay in Britain compared to post-Communist countries.
Medieval
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Norman Conquest
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Harold Godwinson was weakened by the attack by Harald Hardrada and the Vikings at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
Black Tudors
As part of England's connection with Spain during the Tudor period, many black people came and settled in England as part of the Spanish court or with the return of explorers. John Blanke was Henry VIII's trumpeter
French Huguenot Refugees
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Persecution stopped by King Henry IV of France who issued the Edict of Nantes as he feared the economic impact of the loss of the Huguenots.
Persecution began again under King Louis XIV who said Protestants were heretics - 50,000 fled to England.
19th Century
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Migration around Britain
22m emigrated to US, Canada, Australia between 1815-1914 for opportunity not found in UK. Found work in farming and industry, women in tutoring.
Government encouraged emigration to reduce crime and poverty. Huge internal migration, jobs found in industry less available in agriculture.
Early Modern
Ulster Plantations
King James I planted loyal English and Scottish Protestants in Ulster (Northern Ireland) to keep Catholic Ireland under control.
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The Highland Clearances
Highland Clans (family groups) that ran areas in Scotland had supported the Jacobite Rebellions in 1715 and 1745-46 against the English monarchs.
After defeat at Culloden in 1746, English wanted to reduce Highlander power, brutally removed chiefs who supported Jacobites, cleared the clans out and banned cultural symbols like bagpipes.
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