After French colonization , many Vietnamese wanted self determinism. This centremen was greatly echoed by the communist Ho chi minh. In 150 , he had proclaimed the creation of the republic of Vietnam. Through the use of gorilla tactics , the technologically disadvantaged Viet Kong were able to skillfully fight the French. In 1954 , the battle of Dien bien phu , they defeated the French. In July of the same year , the major powers came to consult each other on what should be done and it was decided that Vietnam would be split along the 17th parallelly with a commonest government in the north and a capitalist government in the south. The leader of the south , President diem was nepotistic and disliked by the public. Although free and open elections had been planned to happen in 1956 , they did not occur as president icehouse heard that around 80% would vote for Ho chi minh.