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PDHPE - Core 2 Factors Affecting Performance, Critical question 1 - How…
PDHPE - Core 2 Factors Affecting Performance
Critical question 1 - How does training affect performance?
Energy systems
Alactacid system (ATP/PC)
Lactic acid system
Aerobic system
Types of training and training methods
Aerobic, eg continuous, Fartlek, aerobic interval, circuit
anaerobic, eg anaerobic interval
flexibility, eg static, ballistic, PNF, dynamic
Strength training, eg free/fixed weights, elastic, hydraulic
Principles of training
Progressive overload
Specificity
Reversibility
Variety
Training thresholds
Warm up and cool down
Physiological adaptations in response to training
Resting heart rate
Stroke volume and cardiac output
Oxygen uptake and lung capacity
Haemoglobin level
Muscle hypertrophy
Effect on fast/slow twitch muscle fibres
Motivation
Positive and negative
Intrinsic and extrinsic
Anxiety and arousal
Trait and state anxiety
Sources of stress
Optimum arousal
Psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety
Concentration/attention skills (focusing)
Mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery
Relaxation techniques
Goal setting
Critical question 3 - How does the acquisition of skill affect performance?
Stages of skill acquisition
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
Characteristics of the learner, eg personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, ability
The learning environment
Nature of the skill (open, closed, gross, fine, discrete, serial, continuous, self-paced, externally paced)
The performance elements (decision making, strategic and tactical development)
Practice method (massed, distributed,
whole, part)
Feedback (internal, external, concurrent,
delayed, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance)
Assessment of skill and performance
Characteristics of skilled performers, eg
kinaesthetic sense, anticipation, consistency, technique
Objective and subjective performance
measures
Validity and reliability of tests
Personal versus prescribed judging
criteria
Critical question 2 - How can nutrition and recovery strategies affect performance?
Nutritional considerations
Pre-performance, including carbohydrate loading
During performance
Post-performance
Supplementation
Vitamins/minerals
Protien
Caffeine
Creatine products
Recovery Strategies
Physiological strategies, eg cool down, hydration
Neural strategies, eg hydrotherapy, massage
Tissue damage strategies, eg cryotherapy
Psychological strategies, eg relaxation