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Usul al fiqh - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The Arabic word "ḥukm", linguistically, means judgment. Technically, there is a controversy among Muslim Scholars concerning the actual meaning of al-ḥukm al-Sharʿī.
    - - Defined as: "the speech of the lawgiver related to mukallafīn actions, which indicates demand, permissibility or the legal effects and the legal requirements of such actions."
    - - The word “mukallafīn” is a plural form to the word mukallaf. The mukallaf (the legally capable person) is the sane and adult individual to whom the lawgiver's speech is delivered in absence of impediments to obligations.
  - - - Def.
        
        the speech of the lawgiver related to actions of the mukallafīn, which entails:
        
        Demand to do
        
        وأقيموا الصلاة
        
        not to do
        
        ولا تقربوا الزنا
        
        Permissibility
        
        فإذا حللتم فاصطادوا
        
        the speech of the lawgiver indicating whether mukallafeen's acts are:
        
        a cause
        
        والسارق والسارقة فاقطعوا أيديهما
        
        condition
        
        impediment
        
        القاتل لا يرث
        
        valid
        
        invalid
      - Other
        
        Al-taklifi must be within performing ability of mukallaf
        
        Al-wadi' May or may not be within performing ability of mukallaf
        
        Example
        
        The theft, which is a cause of the thief's hand to be cut, is a cause that comes within mukallaf's ability.
        
        Kin relationship, which is a cause of inheritance, is an example of the cause that goes beyond the mukallaf's ability.
- - - - seven-branch division
        
        al-Karaha al-tanzīhia (the condemnation near to legitimation)
        
        al-Karaha al-taḥrīmiah (the condemnation near to prohibition)
        
        non-absolute demand not to do, extracted from non-definitive evidence
        
        al-Farḍiah (irrevocable obligation)
        
        Absolute demand to do, derived from definitive evidence
        
        al-tahrīm (the prohibition – forbiddance)
        
        Absolute demand not to do, proven by definitive evidence
        
        al-nadb (the recommendation)
        
        al-ijāb (the obligation)
        
        Absolute demand to do, derived from speculative/ non-definitive evidence
        
        al-ibaḥa (the permission – legitimation)
    - - five-branch division
        
        al-tahrīm (the prohibition – forbiddance)
        
        Absolute demand not to do
        
        al-karaha (the dislike – condemnation)
        
        non-absolute demand, recommended not to do
        
        al-ibaḥa (the permission – legitimation)
        
        No demand, doing or not doing is fine
        
        al-nadb (the recommendation)
        
        non absolute demand, recommended to do
        
        al-ijāb (the obligation)
        
        Absolute demand to do
  - - - To do
        
        Absolute
        
        Al-fard – al-wajib Obligatory
        
        Dif.
        
        Non-absolute
        
        recommended
      - Not to do
        
        forbidden
        
        disliked
    - - Permissible or mubah