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THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR, image , image , image , image , image , image…
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The Republicans
Stalinist USSR
supported a
workers' revolution
Their help was
limited however
they provided
advisers
planes
military equipment
The International Brigades
were military units
of voluntary civilian
anti-fascists
from
various European countries
the United States
Mexico sent
food
healthcare supplies
represented by
Manuel Azaña
the president
of the Republic
were loyal to
the Republican government
They received
international support
from various sources
The development of the war
March to Madrid:
the Nationalists
led by
General Franco
tried to occupy
but they were defeated
in the battles of
Jarama
Guadalajara
the seat of the
Republican government
Madrid
Northern campaign:
the next objective
for Franco
was to take
Asturias
Cantabria
Euskadi
which had received
its statute of autonomy
in 1936
This was the
mining
industrial area of Spain
In this phase
Gernika
Bizkaia
was bombed
in 1937
by the Condor Legion
Nazi air force
Battle of the Ebro:
the Republicans
began the battle
of the Ebro in order to stop
the Nationalist advance
towards Cataluña
Franco
won the battle
in 1939
he entered Barcelona
The end of the war:
in March
the Nationalist army
took Madrid
on 1 April 1939
the war ended
The consequences of the civil war
Political:
an authoritarian regime
was set up
dictatorship
that did not want
reconciliation with
the Republicans
but their annihilation
Economic:
economic losses
were high due to
the destruction
of infrastructure
transport systems
bridges
ports
railways
roads
industrial areas
houses
Agricultural + industrial production
fell by 25%
many people were
living in extreme poverty
Demographic:
half a million
Spanish people died
during the
civil war
reducing the
population drastically
Another half a million
republicans were
exiled to
Latin America
France
Cultural:
ideological repression
was implemented
through
education
culture
Many teachers
were
dismissed
even executed
intellectuals
were assassinated
García Lorca
exiled
Antonio Machado
Buñuel
Alberti
The aims of the rebellion were:
to end public disorder
protests
against
politicians
business owners
union members
caused by
extreme right-wing
left-wing militants
There was also
fear of a working class
revolution
in Spain
which would establish
a communist regime
strikes
attacks
to end left-wing government reforms:
The church
was opposed to
the secularisation
of education
the landowners
were discontent with
the expropriation
of their lands
business owners
opposed the
labour reforms
the army
were unhappy with
their loss of
political power
to end the Republic
to re-establish the
political
social
order
that had been
in place previously
The Nationalists
They were supported by:
Portugal + Ireland
supplied volunteers
who joined the
Nationalist army
Nazi Germany + Fascist Italy
because of
the similarity of
their ideologies
were all anti-communist
Hitler
Mussolini
Franco
They supplied
a great quantity of
planes
military equipment
tanks
well-provisioned troops
led by General
Francisco Franco
who were in favour
of the military uprising
The civil war
was a military conflict
which took place between
1936 and 1939
The result of the war
was that the
government of the Republic
was replaced
with a dictatorship
led by General
Francisco Franco
Reasons for the outbreak of the war:
On 17 July 1936
the most conservative
anti-republican
section of the army
rebelled
in Morocco
against the
government of the Republic
On 18 July
the rebellion
led by
Emilio Mola
Francisco Franco
José Sanjurjo
spread to
the peninsula
Characteristics of the two zones
In the Republican zone
authority was
split between
the central government
who put together
a Popular Army
of militiamen
military civilians
the different
revolutionary groups
who imposed
their authority in the areas
not controlled
by the government
anarchists
socialists
The Nationalist zone
was under the control
who imposed an
authoritarian regime
dictatorship
of General
Francisco Franco
This zone was
a unified area
