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ITALIAN FASCISM
The situation
led to the creation
of the Fasci
volunteer militias
In 1919
following their success
Benito Mussolini
created the first
Fasci combat groups
Blackshirts
These were a paramilitary group
with an
ultranationalist ideology
who opposed the
socialist parties
trade unions
with the support
of the business owners
helped maintain order
in the streets
The constitutional monarchy
of Victor Emmanuel III
was badly affected
by the post-war economic crisis
made worse
by
inflation
continual social unrest
with many
strikes
protests
led by
workers
peasants' trade unions
In 1921
Mussolini formed the
National Fascist Party
In October 1922
frustrated by
the government's inability
to end social unrest
Mussolini led
the March on Rome
which forced the
government
to step down
The king
Victor Emmanuel III
asked Mussolini
to form a government
Dictatorship measures:
In politics
in 1926
he transferred all power
to himself
He was the leader
of the only
political party
head of the
government
army
All other parties
were prohibited
he persecuted those
who opposed his regime
Parliament was replaced
by the Chamber
of Fascists
made up of the supporters
of the regime
In foreign policy
he started Italian expansion
into Africa
Abyssinia
Ethiopia
Government intervention
in the economy
was established
particularly
after the economic crisis of 1929
An autarky was set up
mines
large scale public works
projects were begun
the arms industry
were nationalised
Mussolini's social policies
put an end to
the unrest
because he removed
workers' rights
such as:
the right to a union
to strike
He indoctrinated
the population through
the education system
teachers were made
to swear an oath
of loyalty
to the regime)
he increased
the birth rate
by offering subsidies
to large families
Fascism
was the system of
authoritarian government
in Italy
established
when he became
head of the government
in 1922
by Benito Mussolini
Although the monarchy
was maintained
with Victor Emmanuel III
as head of state
Mussolini
known as Il Duce
the Leader
transformed
the democratic state
into a dictatorship
