Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Should practices of parenting be organised by reference to the child's…
Should practices of parenting be organised by reference to the child's interests, the parents' interests, or both?
Gheaus, 2012
Adequate parents have a moral right to raised
babies born to them because of one kind of biological tie
-
Parent-centric view sees parental rights as complementary rather than opposed to the fiduciary (child-centred) model
Aims to supplement Brighouse + Swift account of fundamental parental rights with an account of how adequate parents acquire the right to parent their biological babies
-
Mothers gestating baby in womb are emotionally invested
Intimate relationships are intrinsically invaluable
Biological ties only pertains to the birth parents
Pregnancy is important due to the physical, psychological, social and financial csots
Emotional, intimate relationship with their foetus - GROUND A PARENT-INTEREST based on right to keep one's birth baby
Brennan & Noggle, 1997
3 Commonsense Claims about the Moral Status of Children:
- Equal Consideration Thesis
- Unequal Treatment Thesis
- Limited Parental Rights Thesis
Brennan & Noggle, claim that the Unequal Treatment Thesis is compatible with the Equal consideration thesis
Locke: Parents must govern the children until children develop the use of reason and come to be able to govern themselves
Brennan & Noggle accept this, but also believe that children's rights also impose limits on the rights of parents
Parental rights derive from fact that children are often incapable of effectively exercising their rights and making rational decisions about their interests
-
-
Haslanger, 2012
- Supports open adoption, believes that even non-kin adoptions where children have no contact with biological relatives
- Argues against Velleman's position
- Velleman's evidence and conceptual tools are used for interpreting are lacking
-
Self: Cluster of basic traits that allow an individual to function as an agent
Identity/Social Identity: Individual's reference group orientation (RGO)
Less obvious is an obligation to provide children particular identities, especially those that conform to standard reference groups or culturally dominant narrative tropes
-
Cameron, 2012
Gap in Calyton's analogy, argument can be made using children' interests in becoming autonomous
Conclude most plausible understanding autonomy, this argument also fails
We can respect the interest children have in achieving autonomy without condemning parents who enrol their children into at least some comprehensive doctrines
Autonomy: Being one's own person, directed by considerations, desires., conditions and characteristics that are not simply imposed externally on one but are part of a what can somehow be considered one's authentic self
-
Fowler, 2010
Political Liberalism (Rawlsian) Principle of Legitimacy means State cannot intervene in parenting - Rawls gives too much free hand to Parenting which makes Liberal position absent as Liberal State cannot make judgement on Comprehensive Doctrines in practices of parentings
Clayton -tries to extend principle of legitimacy to the parents so suggests they cannot have much control over their children either apart from upbringing for citizens and an understanding of injustice
-
Brighouse & Swift, 2006 - Parents' Rights and the Value of the Family
Our argument gives parents' interests of children and third parties. On our view, the interests of parents count too and justify some prohibitions on state intervention even when that intervention would reliably promote the interests of children or society in general An Account of the parental interest in parent-child relationship
- Believes this justifies some rights
- Parent-child relationship is fiduciary
- Parents rights are fundamental, conditional and limited
Fundamental: owed to a person in virtue of simply being a person, and its justification is grounded in the benefits it will bring to that person and not to others
- There are rights limited in scope - distinction between fundamentalness and extensiveness
Non-Parent centred arguments for Parental Rights - Focuses on the interests of children
- Nuclear family - best suited for meeting children's interests
- people must have incentives to be parents and to be the kind who will do well by their children
- More regulation and monitoring - less they will enjoy and less appealing
- Public goods are created by good parenting
- Well-raised children are public goods in many senses
^^^ Brighouse & Swift argue this account fails to show parents have any fundamental rights with respect to their children. They focus exclusively on ways that the family benefits children or third parties
-
Burtt, 2003
Towards A Critical Theory of the Family Structure - Burtt critiques the position of the New Familists and the push towards 'one model' of the two-parent nuclear family structure In doing so Burtt gives the foundations of a critical theory examining the different roles that are required in a child's development:
- Lover
- Physical Care-giver
- Homemaker
- Financial Provider
- Socializer
- Moral Educator
- Teacher
- Gender role-model
^^^ Burtt accounts how two parents are not the only persons involved and that family structures can differ in the provision of these roles
Griffin, 2003
Do Children Have Rights?
Griffin Argues that Children may have rights as infants based on the necessary conditions for becoming a being and developing agency, this is seen as a personhood account of children's rights. Whilst Human infants aren't agents they may have the potential which the value of agency rests within and affords them some rights
Brennan, 2003
Advocates a gradualist approach wherein child's rights protect their interests and gradually come to protect their choices as they gain the ability to make choices on a more long-term preference